The American Revolution (Class Edition) PDF

Differentiated Learning Intentions Students must be Students should be Students could be able to: able to: able to: *Explore the Nature *Examine the state of *Design a protest of History and the America in 1750 poster illustrating job of the...

Differentiated Learning Intentions Students must be Students should be Students could be able to: able to: able to: *Explore the Nature *Examine the state of *Design a protest of History and the America in 1750 poster illustrating job of the historian *Create a timeline of one of the causes of *Explore the causes the course of the war the American of the American Revolution Revolution *Outline the *Examine the course strengths and of the American weaknesses of the Revolution British and *Examine the Continental armies consequences of the *Assess the American Revolution consequences of the  America in 1750 13 colonies in North America. Ruled by Great Britain. Each colony had its own assembly and governor, who represented the King or Queen of England. Founding on the Thirteen Colonies SB p83  Between 1750 and 1770 the population grew rapidly. From 1,170,760 to 2,148,076. This happened because of -> -High birth rate -Low death rate -Immigration -> Ulster- Scots, Germans, English, African slaves  There were only 5 large towns; 1. Philadelphia 2. New York 3. Boston 4. Newport 5. Charleston Most colonists lived on farms (plantations). Relations between the American colonies and Britain grew worse during the 18th century, eventually resulting in the American Revolution.  Open pg, Causes of the American Revolution 158 1. The Navigation Acts These Acts stated that American products like sugar, cotton and tobacco, could only be sold through England (England was acting as a middleman). This meant increased wealth for England. These laws led to widespread smuggling by the Americans and clashes with the English. https://www.youtube.com/watch? 2. The Seven Years’ War and British Debt During the Seven Years’ War, Britain and Americans combined to fight the French, who had colonies in Canada and America. War is expensive and increased national debt. Americans were taxed to cover the cost of fighting. 3. More taxation. The Quartering Act: local towns and villages had to provide housing and food for any British soldiers based there. The Sugar Act: tax on sugar imports. The Stamp Act: Americans had to pay for newspapers and legal documents to be stamped by government officials. A group called the Sons of Liberty organised the burning of these stamps and many stamp officials were attacked. Many colonists believed there should be ‘no taxation without representation’. 4. The Boston Massacre and the Boston Tea Party. The Boston Massacre: American protestors called Patriots were protesting against taxes on imported goods such as tea. The protestors shouted at and threw stones and snowballs at English soldiers. The soldiers opened fire and killed five people.  The Boston Tea Party: The British SB P92 The Boston Tea government allowed the East India Party Company (English company) to sell tea SB P93 directly to the Americas without tax. Cause, American tea importers had to pay tax. effect, This led to further protests. solution In December 1773, colonists dressed as Native Americans dumped 342 crates of tea from British ships into Boston Harbour. This was called the Boston Tea Party. The British government imposed the Intolerable Acts on Boston as a result, e.g. Boston Port was closed until the East India Company had been repaid for the spilt tea. TB p161 Assessing your learning Key terms /Re-cap – Background and the causes of the American Revolution. How many colonies were their ‘The Pilgrim Fathers’ during this time? ‘The Stamp Act’ Who was the king in 1760? ‘The Navigation Act’ What was the role of a Governor? ‘The seven year war’ What were the four main causes ‘Quartering act’ of the Revolution? ‘Sugar act’ ‘Sons of Liberty’ ….. What was ‘Boston Massacre’ their slogan? ‘Patriots’ Where is the ‘birthplace of the ‘East India Company’ revolution’? Key terms /Re-cap – Background and the causes of the American Revolution. How many colonies were their during this time?- 13 Who was the king in 1760?- King George 3 What was the role of a Governor?- ruled each American colony in the name of the King What were the four main causes of the Revolution?- 1. Navigation act 2. Seven-year war 3. More taxation 4. Boston massacre and Boston tea party ‘Sons of Liberty’ ….. What was their slogan?- ‘no taxation without representation’ Where is the ‘birthplace of the revolution’?- ‘Boston’ Key terms /Re-cap – Background and the causes of the American Revolution. ‘The Pilgrim Fathers’ – The name of the first group of settlers in America ‘The Stamp Act’- a tax implemented on documents to cover the cost of the seven year war. ‘The Navigation Act’-examples of controls on the colonists, these acts controlled American exports and increased English wealth. ‘The seven year war’- (1756-1763) the British and Americans combined to defeat the French ‘Quartering act’= Local towns and villages had to provide housing and food for any British soldiers based there. ‘Sugar act’- A Tax on sugar imports. ‘Boston Massacre’ –English red coats open fired and killed 5 people during a protest on taxes in Boston. ‘Patriots’- name of the group who protested agents British taxes and later fought for complete independence ‘East India Company’- Were allowed sell tea directly to the Americans without tax , while American tea imports had to hap tax. The course of the War 1. 1775; Lexington and Concord -> British General Gage heard that the Americans were storing weapons and ammunition in Concord, near Boston. 800 British troops were sent to destroy the weapons. A. British were attacked at Lexington but fought their way through to Concord. ​ B. British were defeated at Concord. ​ C. British were forced back to Boston. B A C  2. The Battle of Bunker Hill -> Americans lost but were inspired by how well they fought against the British redcoats. 3. Tom Paine published Common Sense in 1776. This encouraged the colonists to fight for independence. 4. At the second Continental Congress (meeting of George representatives from the 13 Washington colonies) George Washington was appointed commander-in-chief of the Continental (American) army. 5. On the 4th of July 1776, the Continental Congress passed the Declaration of Independence. This was written by Thomas Jefferson and stated that ‘all men are created equal’. TB p163 Assessing your learning https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yb7MI8NQLoo Timeline of Events Battle of The Lexington The seven- The Boston intolerable year war and concord acts Tea party The The The Boston The sugar Declaration Quartering Massacre act of act and The independen Stamp act ce P160  6. 1776 -> Washington forced the British out of Boston. 7. 1776 -> Washington ordered an unsuccessful invasion of Canada. 8. Washington was defeated in New York during the Battle of Long Island. 9. He retreated to Pennsylvania and his army got smaller as many https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFpFHj4XfFg soldiers deserted. SB p94 10. Washington then defeated the British in Trenton and Princeton. 11. 1777 was an important turning point in the war. Horatio Gates forced a large British army to surrender at the Battle of Saratoga. France, Spain and Holland joined the war on the American side. They provided money, men and ships. Marquis de Lafayette, a French general, started fighting for America. In 2002 Lafayette became the fifth person in U.S. history to be granted honorary citizenship. Lafayette named his son Georges Washington de La Fayette 12. Winter 1777 -> after the British captured Philadelphia, Washington retreated to Valley Forge. Half the army deserted, and thousands died. The small group that remained were well trained by a German officer called Von Steuben. SB p96 SB p97 13. 1778-81 -> the war continued with victories for both sides. 14. 1781 -> Cornwallis, the British commander, was surrounded by Washington’s forces by land and a French fleet at sea and was forced to surrender at Yorktown. 15. 1783 -> The Treaty of Paris. Britain finally recognized the independence of her former colonies. This gave America the land between the Atlantic Ocean and the Mississippi River. TB p166 Assessing your learning Boston tea party Cannon ball Guerrilla tactics Causes Deserters Intolerable acts Battle of Long Island - Loose Pennsylvania – Loose Trenton – Win Princeton- Win 1777- Turning point of the war =French joined, Spanish , Holland. Lafayette Britain surrendered in 1781- after being surrounded in Yorktown. 1783- Treaty of Paris. – Britain recognised the independence of the US. The consequences of the American Revolution 1. The United States of America was founded. The new state expanded as far as the Mississippi river which led to clashes with the Native Americans who lived there. 2. The American Constitution created a federal government structure. This created the three branches of government: legislative, executive, and judicial. 3. The Declaration of Independence states that ‘all men are created equal’ but this did not include slaves, women, or Native Americans. These groups were inspired to campaign for equality. 4. The victory of the SB P98 Americans inspired French people to challenge their king, Louis XVI. 5. In Ireland, Wolfe Tone and the United Irishmen, were inspired by the American and French Revolutions to fight for full independence from Britain.  SB P99 End of chapter source question TB p169 Review questions 18/9/24 Revision exercise Examining images from the American revolution  Extra resources https://www.history.com/topics/american-revolution/ame rican-revolution-history https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u2xwoFhkVTo