Science Quarter 3 Module 1: Different Types of Volcanoes and Volcanic Eruptions (WEEK 1) PDF

9 Science Quarter 3 – Module 1 DIFFERENT TYPES OF VOLCANOES AND VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS (WEEK 1) SOURCE: https://www.freepik.com/  9 Science Quarter 3 – Module 1 DIFFERENT TYPES OF VOLCANOES AND VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS...

9 Science Quarter 3 – Module 1 DIFFERENT TYPES OF VOLCANOES AND VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS (WEEK 1) SOURCE: https://www.freepik.com/  9 Science Quarter 3 – Module 1 DIFFERENT TYPES OF VOLCANOES AND VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS (WEEK 1) Quarter 3 – Module 1: DIFFERENT TYPES OF VOLCANOES AND VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS Second Edition, Revised 2021 Republic Act 8293, section 176 states that: No copyright shall subsist in any work of the Government of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary for exploitation of such work for profit. Such agency or office may, among other things, impose as a condition the payment of royalty. Borrowed materials (i.e., songs, stories, poems, pictures, photos, brand names, trademarks, etc.) included in this book are owned by their respective copyright holders. Every effort has been exerted to locate and seek permission to use these materials from their respective copyright owners. The publisher and authors do not represent nor claim ownership over them. Published by the Department of Education – Cebu City Division Schools Division Superintendent: Rhea Mar A. Angtud, EdD Development Team of the Module Writer: Ian Daryl D. Tirol, Teacher III, PASIL NIGHT HIGH SCHOOL Content Editors: Neil Adrian A. Angtud, School Head, Sinsin National High School Florenda G. Yap DevEdD, Master Teacher II - Assistant Principal, Apas National High School Arnolfa A. Demilletes, Principal I, Sirao Integrated School Dr. Deogenes Adoptante, Principal I, OPRRA National High School Language Editor: Mrs. Wilma Y. Villaflor, Principal III, Don Vicente Rama Mem. E.S. Management Team: Dr. Rhea Mar A. Angtud, Schools Division Superintendent Dr. Bernadette A. Susvilla, Assist. Schools Division Superintendent Mrs. Grecia F. Bataluna, CID Chief Dr. Raylene S. Manawatao, EPS-SCIENCE Mrs. Vanessa L. Harayo, EPS-LRMS Printed in the Philippines by: Department of Education – Division of Cebu City Office Address: Imus Avenue, Cebu City Telephone Nos.: (032) 255-1516 / (032) 253-9095 E-mail Address: [email protected]  Module CLASSIFICATION OF 1 VOLCANOES What I Need to Know Hello students! Your knowledge about learning science is continuously growing. In fact, in the previous grading you were introduced to ionic and covalent bonds, general classes and uses of organic compounds, and the mole concept. You have learned a lot so far! Studying this module will certainly increase your understanding about the earth and space. LEARNING COMPETENCY: Describe the different types of volcanoes and volcanic eruptions. In this module, you are expected to learn the following: Identify the different types of volcanoes Understand the various kinds of volcanic eruptions Know the factors that affect the shape of the cone of the volcanoes Construct their own volcano model Observe how eruption happens through a simulation What I Know PRE-ASSESSMENT Directions: Read each question carefully and write the letter of the correct answer on a separate paper. 1. Which of the following is an active volcano in the Philippines? A. Apo in Davao C. Isarog in Camarines Sur B. Bagacay in Camarines Norte D. Taal Volcano in Batangas 2. Why does a thick layer of volcanic ash can be heavy enough to collapse the roofs of buildings? It is because ash ________. A. is solid B. cannot be blown by winds C. becomes heavier as it cools D. consists of tiny fragments of rocks that becomes heavy as they pile up 3. Which of the following factors associated with huge volcanic eruptions may cause the decrease in the Earth’s average temperature for a few years? A. heat C. acid rain B. light D. volcanic ash 4. Which of the following characteristics of a volcano depends on its magma emission? A. age B. location C. size D. shape 1  5. Which characteristic of magma mainly determines its explosiveness? A. amount B. color C. temperature D. silica content 6. Aside from Mayon Volcano, what other Philippine volcano that has erupted recently? A. Bulusan B. Canlaon C. Pinatubo D. Taal 7. What causes a shield volcano to be shaped like a broad dome? It is formed from ______________. A. the emission of lava B. ejected lava fragments C. molten magma which has high silica content D. alternate solidification of lava and pyroclastic deposits 8. Which of the following describes a Plinian volcanic eruption? A. a periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by lava fountain B. stream-driven eruption as the hot rocks come in contact with water C. excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastic materials D. characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km high with pyroclastic flow and ashfall tephra 9. Which property of a material refers to the material’s resistance to flow? A. heat B. pressure C. temperature D. viscosity 10. Which is NOT an external part of a volcano? A. base B. crater C. slope D. summit 11. Which of the following describe a Strombolian volcanic eruption? I. has tall eruption columns III. characterized by fountain lava II. it is a stream-driven eruption IV. periodic weak to violent eruption A. I & II B. III & IV C. I & III D. II & IV 12. How does a cinder cone volcano form? By the accumulation of the ________ A. emission of lava B. ejected lava fragments C. molten magma which has high silica content D. alternate solidification of lava and pyroclastic deposits 13. How many craters does Taal Volcano have? A. 47 B. 48 C. 49 D. 50 For numbers 14 & 15. A lava flows out from the crater and has less silica content. 14. What is the viscosity of the lava? A. high viscosity C. no viscosity B. average viscosity D. low viscosity 15. What if the lava that flows out from the crater has high silica content, what would be the viscosity of the lava? A. high viscosity C. no viscosity B. average viscosity D. low viscosity 2  Lesson VOLCANIC LANDFORMS 1 What’s In In Grade 8, you have learned about the relationship between the occurrence of earthquakes and the location of the Philippines along the Ring of Fire. Due to its location, the Philippines is a home to many volcanoes. This module will guide you through the study of volcanism in the Philippines. There are several ways by which volcanoes can be classified. Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS) have adapted a system where the Philippine volcanoes as active or inactive. Active volcanoes are those that have a record of eruption within the last 600 years or those that erupted 10, 000 years ago based on analyses of their materials. Inactive volcanoes, on the other hand, are those that have not erupted for the last 10, 000 years and their physical form is being changed by agents of weathering and erosion through formation of deep and long gullies. According to PHIVOLCS, our country has more than a hundred volcanoes as of 2013. Twenty-three are active while the rest are inactive. What’s New DIRECTIONS: Look at the picture below. Scrabble the letters in each item to get the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. TIMMUS 2. POLES 3. SABE Fig. 1. PARTS OF A VOLCANO Source:https://pixabay.com 3  What is It Volcanoes come in different shapes and sizes, and each structure has a unique history of eruption. However, volcanologists have been able to classify them according to their record of eruption (active or inactive). Volcanologists have also considered the three general volcanic types according to the shape of their cones: namely: shield volcanoes, cinder cones, and composite cones. Before we go further, let us discuss the external parts of a volcano. A volcano usually has a summit, slope, and base. At the summit, there is an opening which may either be a crater or a caldera. A crater is a funnel-shaped opening at the top of a volcano while a caldera is formed when a part of the wall collapses following an explosive eruption as shown in Figure 2. A volcano can have one crater, like Mayon Volcano, or more than one, like Taal Volcano that has 47 craters. Fig. 2. A CRATER AND A CALDERA Source:SCIENCE 9 Learners Module Although volcanologists have different basis for classifying volcanoes, one way to classify volcanoes is by their cones. Let us discuss the three volcanic cones, namely: shield, cinder, and composite cones. Shield volcanoes are formed by the accumulation of lava that oozes out from the volcano. Since non-viscous lava can flow freely,. a broad, slightly domed structure that resembles a warrior’s shield is formed as shown in Figure 3. An example of this type is the Mauna Loa in Hawaii. Source: https://www.collinsdictionary.com 4  Cinder cones, on the other hand, are built from ejected lava fragments. They have a steep slope, wide crater and are the most abundant of the three major volcano types. One example of this type is the Paricutin in Mexico (Fig.4). Source: https://www.freepik.com/ NO&sort=popular Composite cones or stratovolcanoes are large, nearly perfect sloped structure formed from alternate solidification of both lava and pyroclastic deposits. One perfect example of this type of cone is our Mayon Volcano (Fig. 5) Source: https://www.freepik.com Volcanic activity can be very fascinating. After an explosive eruption, a scenic cone-shaped structure may be produced or changes on its slope can be observed. The emissions of a volcano provide us with clues on what materials are found inside the Earth. Some eruptions are very explosive, while many others are not. What determines the nature of eruption? There are primary factors affecting the volcanoes’ eruptive style, namely: the magma’s temperature, its chemical composition, and the amount of dissolved gases it contains. These factors can affect the magma’s viscosity in different ways. Viscosity is the property of the material’s resistance to flow. It is also described as the liquid’s thickness and stickiness. The more viscous and thicker the material is, the greater is its resistance to flow. For instance, syrup is more viscous than water. Let us discuss how each factor affects the viscosity of magma. First, let us look into how temperature of magma affects its viscosity. The viscosity of magma decreases with temperature. The higher the temperature of magma is, the lower is its viscosity. As lava flows, it cools and begins to harden, its ability to flow decreases and eventually it stops. Next, let us look at how the composition of magma affects its viscosity. Magmas with high silica content are more viscous than those with low silica content as shown in Figure 6. The magma that contains less silica is relatively fluid and travels far before solidifying. Lastly, the amount of gases contained in the magma affects its viscosity. Other factors being equal, gas (mainly water vapor) dissolved in magma tends to increase 5 its ability to flow. Therefore, in near-surface environments, the loss of gases makes magma more viscous, forming a dome or a columnar as shown in Figure 6. Lava with less silica content has low viscosity that it can travel a great distance, forming a thin sheet. Lava with high silica content is too viscous to travel far and tends to break up as it flows. Lava with low amount of gas and high silica content is very viscous and does not flow out at all as it rises, forming an columnar plug in the vent. Lava with low amount of gas as it rises has high viscosity that it piles up in the vent resulting in a dome. Fig. 6. Viscosity of magma in different conditions Source: Science 9 Learners’ Module What’s More DIRECTIONS: Write TRUE if the statement is correct and FALSE if it is incorrect then change the underlined word/s to make the sentence correct. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. A volcano is a natural opening in the structure of the earth where molten rocks, hot gases, smoke, and ash are ejected. 2. Volcanoes are classified according to their record of eruption and shield, cinder, and composite. 3. The composition, temperature, and amount of gas in the magma are the three factors that shapes the volcanic cone. 4. Shield volcanoes are large, nearly perfect sloped structure formed from alternate solidification of both lava and pyroclastic deposits. 5. As the temperature of magma increases, the viscosity of magma decreases. 6  What I Have Learned DIRECTIONS: Copy and complete the diagram below on a separate sheet to summarize your learning in this lesson. TYPES OF VOLCANO TYPES OF VOLCANO BASED ON ACCORDING TO RECORD OF VOLCANIC CONE ERUPTION 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. VOLCANO FACTORS THAT AFFECT EXTERNAL THE SHAPE OF PARTS OF A VOLCANIC CONE VOLCANO 1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3. 7  Lesson TYPES OF VOLCANIC 2 ERUPTIONS What’s New DIRECTIONS: Read and understand the common signs that a volcano is going to erupt. Are you prepared? Signs of an impending volcanic eruption According to the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS), the government agency tasked with monitoring earthquakes and volcanoes in the country, the following are commonly observed signs that a volcano is about to erupt. These may vary from one volcano to another. 1. Increase in the frequency of volcanic quakes with rumbling sounds; occurrence of volcanic tremors. 2. Increased steaming activity; change in color of steam emission from white to gray due to entrained ash. 3. Crater glow due to presence of magma at or near the crater. 4. Ground swells (or inflation), ground tilt and ground fissuring due to magma Intrusion. 5. Localized landslides, rockfalls and landslides from the summit area which not attributable to heavy rains. 6. Noticeable increase in the extent of drying up of vegetation around the volcano's upper slopes. 7. Increase in the temperature of hot springs, wells (e.g., Bulusan and Canlaon) and crater lake (e.g., Taal) near the volcano. 8. Noticeable variation in the chemical content of springs, crater lakes within the vicinity of the volcano; 9. Drying up of springs/wells around the volcano; and, 10. Development of new thermal areas and/or reactivation of old ones; appearance of solfataras. Mentioned above are the signs that a volcanic eruption is about to happen, but do you know that there are different types of volcanic eruption? Continue studying this module to find out. 8  What is It Volcanoes erupt differently. They are generally classified as wet or dry depending on the magma’s water content. Volcanoes are described according to the style of eruption as follows: Phreatic or hydrothermal – is a stream- driven eruption as the hot rocks come in contact with water. It is short-lived, characterized by ash columns but may be an onset of a larger eruption. Shown on the right is our Taal Volcano in Batangas (Figure 7). Source: https://pixabay.com Phreatomagmatic – is a violent eruption due to the contact between water and magma. As a result, a large column of very fine ash and high- speed and sideway emission of pyroclastics called base surges are observed. Strombolian - a periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by fountain lava, just like the Irazu Volcano in Costa Rica (Figure 8). Source: https://pixabay.com Vulcanian – characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km high with pyroclastic flow and ashfall tephra like that of Paricutin Volcano in Mexico (Figure 9). Source: Science 9 Learners’ Manual Plinian – excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastics, just like our Pinatubo Volcano in Zambales (Figure 10). Source: Science 9 Learners’ Manual 9  What’s More DIRECTIONS: Match the type of volcanic eruption in Column A to its description in Column B and the example in Column C. Write your answer on a separate answer sheet. A B C 1. Vulcanian a. characterized by fountain f. Pinatubo Volcano 2. Plinian lava g. Irazu Volcano 3. Hydrothermal b. a violent eruption due to the h. Paricutin Vocano 4. Strombolian contact between water and i. Taal Volcano 5. Phreatomagmatic magma j. Mayon Volcano c. characterized by tall eruption columns d. a stream-driven eruption e. excessively explosive type of eruption What I Have Learned DIRECTIONS: Complete the Crossword Puzzle below. Write your answer on a separate sheet. ACROSS DOWN 2. Irazu Volcano in Costa Rica 1. A person that studies about volcanoes and 3. Tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km its activities high 5. It is short-lived, characterized by ash 4. Type of eruption exhibited by Taal Volcano columns but may be an onset of a larger 5. A large column of very fine ash and high- eruption speed and sideway emission of pyroclastics 6. "Perfect Cone Shape" Volcano 8. Excessively explosive type of eruption of gas 7. A volcano in the Philippines that erupted last and pyroclastics January 12, 2020 9. Philippine Agency that studies, monitor and reports any volcanic activities in the country SOURCE: https://www.puzzle- maker.com/crossword_Design. cgi 10  What I Can Do PERFORMANCE TASK: VOLCANO MODEL MAKING & VOLCANIC ERUPTION MATERIALS NEEDED: 1- used plastic bottle 1- brown tape Funnel 1- used illustration board / carton 1- pair of scissors A lot of old newspaper acrylic paints / used paints Water & Glue mixture Paint brushes Vinegar Baking Soda Red Food coloring Reference: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qalAKtLbjX8 CAUTION: BE CAREFUL IN DOING THE ACTIVITY. ASK FOR ASSISTANCE. DIRECTIONS: 1. Place the plastic bottle at the center of the illustration board. 2. Secure it by putting tape all over the base. 3. Crumple some newspaper into a ball-like shape 4. Place them all over the base. 5. Cut a lot of newspaper strips then soak them into the water and glue mixture. 6. Using these strips of newspaper, cover the layers of crumpled newspaper on the bottle 7. For the 2nd layer, start putting the strips of newspaper at the mouth of the plastic bottle. 8. Continue doing so until the whole volcano is totally covered with newspaper strips. 9. Let it dry under the sun. 10. When the volcano model is fully dried, start painting. Let it dry. ERUPTION TIME!!! 1. Using a funnel or “embudo”, put vinegar into the bottle (half-fill). 2. Put the baking soda into the bottle and watch what happen. 3. Record the eruption and send it to your teacher. RUBRICS Below Approaching Meets Exceeds Expectation Expectation Expectation Expectation (10 pts.) (20 pts.) (30 pts.) (40 pts.) Model related Model does Scientific Model Model clearly to Science not relate to a concepts and represents represents Concepts scientific connections to scientific scientific concept nor real world concepts with concepts and make applications minor errors is scientifically connections to are unclear in and shares correct, having real world the model. connections connections to applications. for real world real world applications. applications. 11 Explanation Explanation is Explanation Explanation Explanation is of Concepts unclear; it shows shows a clear and lacks accuracy evidence of complete shows and understanding, understanding complete understanding but facts and of concepts. understanding. of concepts. concepts are There are Concepts and not accurate. some facts facts are and concepts accurate. that are not accurate. Construction, The model is The model is The model is The model is creativity, poorly constructed carefully carefully neatness constructed. It with little constructed constructed lacks in neatness and but does not with materials neatness and creativity. showcase that showcase creativity. student's student's creativity. creativity and are appropriate. Presentation Does not Eye contact, Speaks Anticipates speak clearly, clear speech, clearly, makes questions and make eye or preparation eye contact, takes contact, or is to present and presents ownership of unprepared to model is model well. the model. present minimal. model. 12  Assessment DIRECTIONS: Write the letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Which of the following characteristics of a volcano depends on its magma emission? A. age B. location C. size D. shape 2. How many craters does Taal Volcano have? A. 47 B. 48 C. 49 D. 50 3. Which is NOT an external part of a volcano? A. base B. crater C. slope D. summit 4. Aside from Mayon Volcano, what other Philippine volcano that has erupted recently? A. Bulusan B. Canlaon C. Pinatubo D. Taal 5. Which characteristic of magma mainly determines its explosiveness? A. amount B. color C. temperature D. silica content 6. Which property of a material refers to the material’s resistance to flow? A. heat B. pressure C. temperature D. viscosity 7. Which of the following sentences describe a Strombolian volcanic eruption? I. has tall eruption columns III. characterized by fountain lava II. it is a stream-driven eruption IV. periodic weak to violent eruption A. I & II B. III & IV C. I & III D. II & IV For numbers 8 & 9. A lava flows out from the crater and has less silica content. 8. What is the viscosity of the lava? A. high viscosity C. no viscosity B. average viscosity D. low viscosity 9. What if the lava that flows out from the crater has high silica content, what would be the viscosity of the lava? A. high viscosity C. no viscosity B. average viscosity D. low viscosity 10. Which of the following is an active volcano in the Philippines? A. Apo in Davao C. Isarog in Camarines Sur B. Bagacay in Camarines Norte D. Taal Volcano in Batangas 11. Which of the following factors associated with huge volcanic eruptions may cause the decrease in the Earth’s average temperature for a few years? A. heat C. acid rain B. light D. volcanic ash 13 12. How does a cinder cone volcano form? By the accumulation of the ________ A. emission of lava B. ejected lava fragments C. molten magma which has high silica content D. alternate solidification of lava and pyroclastic deposits 13. Why does a thick layer of volcanic ash can be heavy enough to collapse the roofs of buildings? It is because ash ________. A. is solid B. cannot be blown by winds C. becomes heavier as it cools. D. consists of tiny fragments of rocks that becomes heavy as they pile up. 14. What causes a shield volcano to be shaped like a broad dome? It is formed from ______________. A. the emission of lava B. ejected lava fragments C. molten magma which has high silica content D. alternate solidification of lava and pyroclastic deposits 15. Which of the following describes a Plinian volcanic eruption? A. a periodic weak to violent eruption characterized by lava fountain B. stream-driven eruption as the hot rocks come in contact with water C. excessively explosive type of eruption of gas and pyroclastic materials D. characterized by tall eruption columns that reach up to 20 km high with pyroclastic flow and ashfall tephra 14 References A. Books Aquino, Marites D. et. al. 2017. Science Links Worktext for Scientific and Technological Literacy. Philippines: Rex Bookstore Bayo-ang, Roly B. et. al. 2016. Earth and Life Science for Senior High School. Philippines: National Bookstore Ditan, Carolina D. 2012. Earth Sciences. Philippines: National Bookstore SCIENCE 9 Learners Module, Department of Education, Republic of the Philippines B. Images https://www.freepik.com/search?format=search&page=1&query=e arth%20and%20space%20philippines https://pixabay.com/photos/volcano-rock-sky-clouds-hills- 5437051/ https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/mauna-loa https://www.freepik.com/search?dates=any&format=search&quer y=PARICUTIN%20VOLCANO&sort=popular https://www.freepik.com/search?dates=any&format=search&page =1&query=MOUNT%20MAYON%20VOLCANO&sort=popular https://pixabay.com/images/search/strombolian%20eruption%20ir azu%20volcano/ C. Electronic https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gZkJY4NvaOs&list=RDCMUCi TjCIT_9EXV1Wp1cY0zaUA&index=1 https://www.toppr.com/guides/chemistry/carbon-and-its- compounds/some-important-carbon- compouns/#:~:text=Carbon%20compounds%20that%20are%20sat isfied,by%20only%20a%20single%20bond 15  16 LESSON 1: VOLCANIC LANDFORMS WHAT’S MORE WHAT’S NEW 1. TRUE 1. SUMMIT 2. FALSE, VOLCANIC CONES 2. SLOPE 3. TRUE 3. BASE 4. FALSE, COMPOSITE CONE VOLCANO WHAT I HAVE LEARNED 5. FALSE, INCREASES TYPES OF VOLCANO ACCORDING TYPES OF VOLCANO BASED ON TO RECORD OF ERUPTION VOLCANIC CONE 1. Active 1. Shield Cone Volcano 2. Inactive 2. Cinder Cone Volcano 3. Composite Cone Volcano FACTORS THAT AFFECT THE EXTERNAL PARTS OF A VOLCANO SHAPE OF VOLCANIC CONE 1. Summit 1. Composition of Magma 2. Slope 2. Temperature of Magma 3. Base 3. Amount of gas LESSON 2: TYPES OF VOLCANIC ERUPTION WHAT’S MORE WHAT I HAVE LEARNED 1. c, h ACROSS DOWN 2. e, f 2. STROMBOLIAN 1. VOLCANOLOGIST 3. d, I 3. VULCANIAN 5. PHREATIC 4. a, g 4. HYDROTHERMAL 6. MAYON 5. b, j 5. PHREATOMAGMATIC 7. TAAL 8. PLINIAN 9. PHIVOLCS Answer Key For inquiries or feedback, please write or call: Department of Education – Cebu City Division Office Address: Imus Avenue, Cebu City, Cebu Telephone Nos.: (063) 255 – 1516, (032)253 - 9095 E-mail Address: [email protected] 17