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Questions and Answers
Which of the following describes the classification of volcanoes based on their activity?
Which of the following describes the classification of volcanoes based on their activity?
Which characteristic distinguishes an active volcano from an inactive volcano?
Which characteristic distinguishes an active volcano from an inactive volcano?
What is the main factor that distinguishes a crater from a caldera?
What is the main factor that distinguishes a crater from a caldera?
According to PHIVOLCS, how many active volcanoes are there in the Philippines?
According to PHIVOLCS, how many active volcanoes are there in the Philippines?
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What is the main difference between a shield volcano, a cinder cone, and a composite cone?
What is the main difference between a shield volcano, a cinder cone, and a composite cone?
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Which of the following is NOT a general volcanic type based on the shape of their cones?
Which of the following is NOT a general volcanic type based on the shape of their cones?
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Which of these is NOT a factor that influences the classification of a volcano as active or inactive?
Which of these is NOT a factor that influences the classification of a volcano as active or inactive?
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What happens to inactive volcanoes over time?
What happens to inactive volcanoes over time?
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What is the primary factor that influences the viscosity of magma?
What is the primary factor that influences the viscosity of magma?
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How does the amount of dissolved gas in magma affect its viscosity?
How does the amount of dissolved gas in magma affect its viscosity?
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What type of volcanic feature is formed by the cooling and hardening of very viscous magma with low gas content?
What type of volcanic feature is formed by the cooling and hardening of very viscous magma with low gas content?
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Why is lava with low silica content able to travel a greater distance before solidifying?
Why is lava with low silica content able to travel a greater distance before solidifying?
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What is the relationship between the temperature of magma and its viscosity?
What is the relationship between the temperature of magma and its viscosity?
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How does the solidification of both lava and pyroclastic deposits contribute to the formation of a volcanic cone?
How does the solidification of both lava and pyroclastic deposits contribute to the formation of a volcanic cone?
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Which of these is NOT a factor that directly affects the shape and form of a volcanic eruption?
Which of these is NOT a factor that directly affects the shape and form of a volcanic eruption?
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What type of volcanic structure is characterized by its wide, gently sloping sides and is formed primarily by the eruption of fluid lava?
What type of volcanic structure is characterized by its wide, gently sloping sides and is formed primarily by the eruption of fluid lava?
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What type of volcanic eruption is characterized by hot rocks interacting with water, leading to a steam-driven explosion?
What type of volcanic eruption is characterized by hot rocks interacting with water, leading to a steam-driven explosion?
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Which of the following is NOT a sign of an impending volcanic eruption as reported by PHIVOLCS?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of an impending volcanic eruption as reported by PHIVOLCS?
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Which of the following accurately describes the classification of volcanoes based on their water content?
Which of the following accurately describes the classification of volcanoes based on their water content?
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What is the primary factor that distinguishes a phreatic eruption from other types of volcanic eruptions?
What is the primary factor that distinguishes a phreatic eruption from other types of volcanic eruptions?
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Which of the following phrases best describes the characteristics of a phreatic eruption?
Which of the following phrases best describes the characteristics of a phreatic eruption?
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What is a likely consequence of drying up of springs and wells near a volcano?
What is a likely consequence of drying up of springs and wells near a volcano?
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Which of the following activities is NOT directly related to monitoring volcanic activity and predicting eruptions?
Which of the following activities is NOT directly related to monitoring volcanic activity and predicting eruptions?
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What is the main purpose of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)?
What is the main purpose of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)?
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What type of volcano is formed by the accumulation of lava fragments?
What type of volcano is formed by the accumulation of lava fragments?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting the viscosity of magma?
Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting the viscosity of magma?
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Which volcanic cone is characterized by a broad, slightly domed structure?
Which volcanic cone is characterized by a broad, slightly domed structure?
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What is the relationship between magma temperature and viscosity?
What is the relationship between magma temperature and viscosity?
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Which of the following volcanoes is an example of a composite cone or stratovolcano?
Which of the following volcanoes is an example of a composite cone or stratovolcano?
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What is viscosity?
What is viscosity?
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What is the primary factor that determines a volcano's eruptive style?
What is the primary factor that determines a volcano's eruptive style?
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Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between viscosity and eruption style?
Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between viscosity and eruption style?
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What does the 'Meets Expectation' category represent in the rubric?
What does the 'Meets Expectation' category represent in the rubric?
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Which aspect is evaluated under 'Construction, creativity, neatness'?
Which aspect is evaluated under 'Construction, creativity, neatness'?
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What is indicated by the 'Exceeds Expectation' score in the rubric?
What is indicated by the 'Exceeds Expectation' score in the rubric?
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What feature differentiates the 'Below Expectation' category from 'Approaching Expectation'?
What feature differentiates the 'Below Expectation' category from 'Approaching Expectation'?
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Which statement about the 'Explanation of Concepts' is true for the 'Exceeds Expectation' category?
Which statement about the 'Explanation of Concepts' is true for the 'Exceeds Expectation' category?
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Which component is crucial for scoring well in the 'Model related to Science Concepts' category?
Which component is crucial for scoring well in the 'Model related to Science Concepts' category?
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How does the rubric assess the neatness of the model?
How does the rubric assess the neatness of the model?
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What does the rubric indicate if a model shows only partial connections to scientific concepts?
What does the rubric indicate if a model shows only partial connections to scientific concepts?
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Which type of volcanic cone is primarily formed by explosive eruptions due to its layered structure?
Which type of volcanic cone is primarily formed by explosive eruptions due to its layered structure?
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What is a significant factor that determines the external shape of a volcanic cone?
What is a significant factor that determines the external shape of a volcanic cone?
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Which factor is NOT one of the primary influences on volcanic eruption classification?
Which factor is NOT one of the primary influences on volcanic eruption classification?
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Which of the following volcanic eruption types is characterized by the ejection of viscous magma resulting in explosive activity?
Which of the following volcanic eruption types is characterized by the ejection of viscous magma resulting in explosive activity?
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Which volcano is often associated with the term 'Strombolian eruption' due to its frequent small explosive bursts?
Which volcano is often associated with the term 'Strombolian eruption' due to its frequent small explosive bursts?
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What is NOT a component of a volcanic cone's external features?
What is NOT a component of a volcanic cone's external features?
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Which type of volcano is characterized by its steep slopes formed from solidified lava fragments?
Which type of volcano is characterized by its steep slopes formed from solidified lava fragments?
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Which eruption type typically includes both explosive and effusive components?
Which eruption type typically includes both explosive and effusive components?
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Flashcards
Shield Volcano
Shield Volcano
A volcano formed by the accumulation of non-viscous lava, creating a broad, dome-like structure.
Cinder Cone Volcano
Cinder Cone Volcano
A steep, wide-cratered volcano formed from ejected lava fragments; most abundant type of volcano.
Composite Cone Volcano
Composite Cone Volcano
A large volcano with a perfect slope formed by alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic materials.
Viscosity
Viscosity
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Magma Temperature
Magma Temperature
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Dissolved Gases
Dissolved Gases
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Eruptive Style
Eruptive Style
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Flow Resistance
Flow Resistance
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Low Viscosity
Low Viscosity
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Active Volcano
Active Volcano
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Inactive Volcano
Inactive Volcano
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Philippine Volcanoes
Philippine Volcanoes
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Crater
Crater
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Caldera
Caldera
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Composite Cone
Composite Cone
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Magma viscosity
Magma viscosity
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Silica content
Silica content
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Low silica magma
Low silica magma
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High silica magma
High silica magma
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Gas content in magma
Gas content in magma
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Effects of gas loss
Effects of gas loss
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Lava flow distance
Lava flow distance
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Columnar plug
Columnar plug
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Signs of Eruption
Signs of Eruption
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Volcanic Quakes
Volcanic Quakes
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Steaming Activity
Steaming Activity
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Crater Glow
Crater Glow
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Ground Swells
Ground Swells
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Temperature Increase
Temperature Increase
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Vegetation Drying
Vegetation Drying
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Phreatic Eruption
Phreatic Eruption
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Rubric
Rubric
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Below Expectation
Below Expectation
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Approaching Expectation
Approaching Expectation
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Meets Expectation
Meets Expectation
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Exceeds Expectation
Exceeds Expectation
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Model Construction
Model Construction
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Explanation of Concepts
Explanation of Concepts
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Creativity in Projects
Creativity in Projects
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Summit
Summit
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Slope
Slope
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Base
Base
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Volcanologist
Volcanologist
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Strombolian Eruption
Strombolian Eruption
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Hydrothermal Eruption
Hydrothermal Eruption
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Study Notes
Volcano Classification and Eruptions
- Volcanoes are categorized by their eruption history (active or inactive) as well as their cone shape: shield, cinder, and composite cones.
- Active volcanoes have erupted within 600 years or 10,000 years ago. Inactive volcanoes haven't erupted for at least 10,000 years.
- A volcano's external parts include summit, slope, and base. The top opening can be a crater or a caldera.
- A crater is a funnel-shaped opening at the top while a caldera forms when a part of the wall collapses following an explosive eruption.
- Shield volcanoes are broad and dome-shaped due to non-viscous, easily flowing lava.
- Cinder cones are steep-sloped, cone-shaped structures made from fragmented lava.
- Composite volcanoes, or stratovolcanoes, are nearly perfect sloped structures formed from the alternating solidification of lava and pyroclastic deposits.
Volcanic Eruption Types
- Phreatic (Hydrothermal) eruptions are short-lived explosions caused by hot rocks interacting with water, producing ash.
- Phreatomagmatic eruptions are violent and explosive eruptions due to water interacting with magma, resulting in powerful ash eruptions.
- Strombolian eruptions are periodic, often weak to violent eruptions characterized by lava fountains, resembling the Irazu volcano.
- Vulcanian eruptions produce tall eruption columns exceeding 20 km, with pyroclastic flows and significant ashfall.
- Plinian eruptions feature extremely explosive eruptions, with high-velocity pyroclastic flows and ashfall tephra, like the Pinatubo volcano.
Factors Affecting Volcanic Eruptions
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Magma temperature, chemical composition and dissolved gas content influence magma viscosity (resistance to flow).
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Magma with high silica content is more viscous (thicker), and less able to flow, than low silica magma.
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Viscosity, in turn, affects the eruption style: less viscous magma flows easily, whereas high viscosity magma tends to form dome-shaped features.
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As magma cools, its viscosity increases, making flow more difficult.
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Increased gas content generally increases explosiveness. Dissolved gas escapes more easily from less viscous magma.
Identifying Volcanic Signs
- Several signs indicate an impending eruption, including increased frequency of volcanic quakes, changes in the color or amount of steam, presence of crater glow, ground swells, landslides, drying vegetation around the volcano's slopes, and changes in temperature of hot springs or crater lakes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on volcano classification based on activity and shape. This quiz covers the characteristics of different types of volcanoes, factors influencing their activity, and volcanic features formed by magma. Ideal for students studying geology or earth sciences.