Volcano Classification Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following describes the classification of volcanoes based on their activity?

  • Volcanoes are classified based on their location.
  • Volcanoes are classified based on the type of magma they erupt.
  • Volcanoes are classified based on their shape.
  • Volcanoes are classified as either active or inactive. (correct)

Which characteristic distinguishes an active volcano from an inactive volcano?

  • Active volcanoes have a record of eruption within the last 600 years or erupted 10,000 years ago. (correct)
  • Active volcanoes are smaller than inactive volcanoes.
  • Inactive volcanoes are taller than active volcanoes.
  • Inactive volcanoes have a record of eruption within the last 600 years or erupted 10,000 years ago.

What is the main factor that distinguishes a crater from a caldera?

  • A crater is formed by the collapse of a part of the volcano's wall following an explosive eruption, while a caldera is a funnel-shaped opening at the top of a volcano.
  • A crater is located at the base of a volcano, while a caldera is located at the summit.
  • A crater is larger than a caldera.
  • A crater is a funnel-shaped opening at the top of a volcano, while a caldera is formed by the collapse of a part of the volcano's wall following an explosive eruption. (correct)

According to PHIVOLCS, how many active volcanoes are there in the Philippines?

<p>23 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a shield volcano, a cinder cone, and a composite cone?

<p>Their shape (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a general volcanic type based on the shape of their cones?

<p>Lava Dome (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a factor that influences the classification of a volcano as active or inactive?

<p>The height of the volcano (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to inactive volcanoes over time?

<p>Their physical form changes due to weathering and erosion. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that influences the viscosity of magma?

<p>The composition of the magma, specifically the silica content (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the amount of dissolved gas in magma affect its viscosity?

<p>Increased gas content leads to decreased viscosity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of volcanic feature is formed by the cooling and hardening of very viscous magma with low gas content?

<p>A volcanic dome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is lava with low silica content able to travel a greater distance before solidifying?

<p>It is less viscous than other types of lava. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the temperature of magma and its viscosity?

<p>As temperature increases, viscosity decreases. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the solidification of both lava and pyroclastic deposits contribute to the formation of a volcanic cone?

<p>It creates layers of different materials, gradually building the cone's height. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a factor that directly affects the shape and form of a volcanic eruption?

<p>The age of the volcano (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of volcanic structure is characterized by its wide, gently sloping sides and is formed primarily by the eruption of fluid lava?

<p>Shield volcano (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of volcanic eruption is characterized by hot rocks interacting with water, leading to a steam-driven explosion?

<p>Phreatic or hydrothermal (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a sign of an impending volcanic eruption as reported by PHIVOLCS?

<p>Significant decrease in ground tilt (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the classification of volcanoes based on their water content?

<p>Volcanoes are classified as either wet or dry. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that distinguishes a phreatic eruption from other types of volcanic eruptions?

<p>The interaction of magma with water. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following phrases best describes the characteristics of a phreatic eruption?

<p>Explosive, steam-driven eruption. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a likely consequence of drying up of springs and wells near a volcano?

<p>Potential for increased ground deformation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following activities is NOT directly related to monitoring volcanic activity and predicting eruptions?

<p>Tracking the movement of tectonic plates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the Philippine Institute of Volcanology and Seismology (PHIVOLCS)?

<p>To monitor and study earthquakes and volcanoes in the Philippines. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of volcano is formed by the accumulation of lava fragments?

<p>Cinder cone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a factor affecting the viscosity of magma?

<p>Type of rock the magma is formed from (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which volcanic cone is characterized by a broad, slightly domed structure?

<p>Shield volcano (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between magma temperature and viscosity?

<p>Higher temperature leads to lower viscosity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following volcanoes is an example of a composite cone or stratovolcano?

<p>Mayon Volcano (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is viscosity?

<p>The ability of a material to resist flow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that determines a volcano's eruptive style?

<p>The characteristics of the magma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between viscosity and eruption style?

<p>High viscosity magma results in explosive eruptions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'Meets Expectation' category represent in the rubric?

<p>30 points with minor errors in connections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is evaluated under 'Construction, creativity, neatness'?

<p>The overall appearance and creativity of the model (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the 'Exceeds Expectation' score in the rubric?

<p>Model is creatively constructed and scientifically correct (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What feature differentiates the 'Below Expectation' category from 'Approaching Expectation'?

<p>Evidence of understanding (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the 'Explanation of Concepts' is true for the 'Exceeds Expectation' category?

<p>Explanation is complete with no factual inaccuracies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is crucial for scoring well in the 'Model related to Science Concepts' category?

<p>Connections to scientific concepts and real-world applications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the rubric assess the neatness of the model?

<p>By the overall presentation and organization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the rubric indicate if a model shows only partial connections to scientific concepts?

<p>It will likely receive a Below Expectation score (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of volcanic cone is primarily formed by explosive eruptions due to its layered structure?

<p>Composite Cone Volcano (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor that determines the external shape of a volcanic cone?

<p>Temperature of the magma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT one of the primary influences on volcanic eruption classification?

<p>Eruption history of the volcano (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following volcanic eruption types is characterized by the ejection of viscous magma resulting in explosive activity?

<p>Phreatomagmatic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which volcano is often associated with the term 'Strombolian eruption' due to its frequent small explosive bursts?

<p>Stromboli (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a component of a volcanic cone's external features?

<p>Crater Lake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of volcano is characterized by its steep slopes formed from solidified lava fragments?

<p>Cinder Cone Volcano (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which eruption type typically includes both explosive and effusive components?

<p>Vulcanian (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Shield Volcano

A volcano formed by the accumulation of non-viscous lava, creating a broad, dome-like structure.

Cinder Cone Volcano

A steep, wide-cratered volcano formed from ejected lava fragments; most abundant type of volcano.

Composite Cone Volcano

A large volcano with a perfect slope formed by alternating layers of lava and pyroclastic materials.

Viscosity

The property that describes a material's resistance to flow, affecting how easily a liquid can move.

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Magma Temperature

A primary factor that affects magma's viscosity; higher temperature results in lower viscosity.

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Dissolved Gases

Gases within magma that influence its eruptive style and viscosity; more gases can lead to explosive eruptions.

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Eruptive Style

The nature of a volcano's eruption, determined by factors like magma's temperature, composition, and gas content.

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Flow Resistance

How difficult it is for a liquid to flow; higher viscosity means greater resistance.

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Low Viscosity

A property of a liquid that allows it to flow easily, often seen in lava.

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Active Volcano

A volcano that has erupted within the last 600 years or has erupted in the past 10,000 years.

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Inactive Volcano

A volcano that has not erupted in the last 10,000 years and shows signs of erosion.

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Philippine Volcanoes

The Philippines has over 100 volcanoes, with 23 being active as of 2013.

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Crater

A funnel-shaped opening at the top of a volcano.

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Caldera

A large depression formed when a volcano's summit collapses after an explosive eruption.

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Composite Cone

A volcano built from layers of lava and ash, featuring steeper slopes.

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Magma viscosity

The resistance of magma to flow, affected by silica, gas, and temperature.

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Silica content

The proportion of silicon dioxide in magma, influencing its viscosity.

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Low silica magma

Magma with a small amount of silica, generally more fluid and flows further.

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High silica magma

Magma with a high amount of silica, resulting in higher viscosity and less flow.

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Gas content in magma

The amount of dissolved gases in magma, affecting its flow ability and viscosity.

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Effects of gas loss

When magma loses gas, its viscosity increases, leading to domes or plugs.

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Lava flow distance

The distance lava can travel before solidifying, influenced by silica and gas content.

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Columnar plug

A formation in a vent created by viscous lava with low gas content, preventing flow.

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Signs of Eruption

Indicators that a volcano may erupt soon, including volcanic quakes and steaming.

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Volcanic Quakes

Increased frequency of quakes with rumbling sounds signaling an upcoming eruption.

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Steaming Activity

Change in steam color from white to gray, indicating possible magma presence.

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Crater Glow

Light emitted from a volcano's crater due to magma presence near the surface.

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Ground Swells

Inflation and tilting of the ground, indicating magma is moving beneath.

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Temperature Increase

Rise in temperatures of nearby hot springs and crater lakes signal activity.

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Vegetation Drying

Drying up vegetation around the upper slopes indicates volcanic unrest.

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Phreatic Eruption

A steam-driven eruption caused when hot rocks meet water.

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Rubric

A guide used to evaluate performance based on specific criteria.

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Below Expectation

A performance level indicating significant deficiencies in understanding concepts.

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Approaching Expectation

A performance level showing some understanding but lacking clarity or accuracy.

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Meets Expectation

A performance level demonstrating a solid understanding of concepts with minor errors.

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Exceeds Expectation

A performance level indicating a clear and complete understanding of concepts.

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Model Construction

The process of creating a representation that reflects scientific concepts accurately.

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Explanation of Concepts

The clarity and accuracy with which scientific concepts are articulated in the model.

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Creativity in Projects

The uniqueness and originality employed in constructing a model or project.

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Summit

The highest point of a volcano where eruptions often occur.

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Slope

The angled surface of a volcano between the summit and base.

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Base

The bottom part of a volcano that connects with the ground.

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Volcanologist

A scientist who studies volcanoes and volcanic activity.

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Strombolian Eruption

A type of volcanic eruption characterized by moderate bursts of basaltic lava.

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Hydrothermal Eruption

An eruption caused by the heating of water that leads to steam pressure.

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Study Notes

Volcano Classification and Eruptions

  • Volcanoes are categorized by their eruption history (active or inactive) as well as their cone shape: shield, cinder, and composite cones.
  • Active volcanoes have erupted within 600 years or 10,000 years ago. Inactive volcanoes haven't erupted for at least 10,000 years.
  • A volcano's external parts include summit, slope, and base. The top opening can be a crater or a caldera.
  • A crater is a funnel-shaped opening at the top while a caldera forms when a part of the wall collapses following an explosive eruption.
  • Shield volcanoes are broad and dome-shaped due to non-viscous, easily flowing lava.
  • Cinder cones are steep-sloped, cone-shaped structures made from fragmented lava.
  • Composite volcanoes, or stratovolcanoes, are nearly perfect sloped structures formed from the alternating solidification of lava and pyroclastic deposits.

Volcanic Eruption Types

  • Phreatic (Hydrothermal) eruptions are short-lived explosions caused by hot rocks interacting with water, producing ash.
  • Phreatomagmatic eruptions are violent and explosive eruptions due to water interacting with magma, resulting in powerful ash eruptions.
  • Strombolian eruptions are periodic, often weak to violent eruptions characterized by lava fountains, resembling the Irazu volcano.
  • Vulcanian eruptions produce tall eruption columns exceeding 20 km, with pyroclastic flows and significant ashfall.
  • Plinian eruptions feature extremely explosive eruptions, with high-velocity pyroclastic flows and ashfall tephra, like the Pinatubo volcano.

Factors Affecting Volcanic Eruptions

  • Magma temperature, chemical composition and dissolved gas content influence magma viscosity (resistance to flow).

  • Magma with high silica content is more viscous (thicker), and less able to flow, than low silica magma.

  • Viscosity, in turn, affects the eruption style: less viscous magma flows easily, whereas high viscosity magma tends to form dome-shaped features.

  • As magma cools, its viscosity increases, making flow more difficult.

  • Increased gas content generally increases explosiveness. Dissolved gas escapes more easily from less viscous magma.

Identifying Volcanic Signs

  • Several signs indicate an impending eruption, including increased frequency of volcanic quakes, changes in the color or amount of steam, presence of crater glow, ground swells, landslides, drying vegetation around the volcano's slopes, and changes in temperature of hot springs or crater lakes.

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