Introduction to Science, Technology and Society -1 PDF

Introduction to Science, Technology and Society  What is Science?  a systematized body of knowledge gained through careful observation and experimentation Science is shaped by social forces and historical change. While seeking objectivity, science also shapes culture.  W...

Introduction to Science, Technology and Society  What is Science?  a systematized body of knowledge gained through careful observation and experimentation Science is shaped by social forces and historical change. While seeking objectivity, science also shapes culture.  What is Technology?  it is the process of applying scientific knowledge for practical purposes What is Society?  is a community of people with a common goal  So, what is Science, Technology and Society?  the study of how social, political and cultural values affect scientific research and technological innovations and how these in turn affect society, politics and culture Remember: The state of science and technology determines the socio-economic progress of a country. National progress is correlated to the capacity of a country to produce local industrial goods for domestic needs Internal influences Survival Culture Economic activities Development of Science and External Technology in the Influences Philippines Foreign colonizers Trades with foreign Countries International economic demands Science and technology have had both a positive and negative impact on society, especially in the followingHealt areas: Community h Life Communicatio n Work Copyright © 2006 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. CHAPTER 9: Science, Technology, and Society The shift from nomadic life to farming led to the development of the city. Networks of transportation, communication, and trade systems Specialized labor Jerusalem, one of the world’s first Government and cities, is still in existence today. religion Social class Copyright © 2006 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. CHAPTER 9: Science, Technology, and Society (Continued ) The nineteenth century witnessed the Industrial Revolution. Invention of textile manufacturing machines Division of labor Increase in production Crowded cities Unsafe and unhealthy Some of the negative aspects of the Industrial Revolution working conditions included poor working conditions and long hours. Copyright © 2006 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. CHAPTER 9: Science, Technology, and Society (Continued ) The twentieth century saw the birth of suburbs. Alternative to harsh, crowded city conditions Invention of the trolley car and automobile Many planned communities, Status symbol such as this one outside Cincinnati, OH, sprang up around cities during the first half of the twentieth century. Copyright © 2006 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. CHAPTER 9: Science, Technology, and Society Positive Impacts – Security – Communication – Entertainment Negative Impacts – Crimes – Antisocial – Laziness Copyright © 2006 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. CHAPTER 9: Science, Technology, and Society Technical innovations saved physical energy and lessened people’s workload. The tractor The vacuum cleaner The washing machine The refrigerator Copyright © 2006 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. CHAPTER 9: Science, Technology, and Society (Continued ) The concept of leisure developed from labor-saving technology. People use the money they earn to take advantage of leisure time. Sporting Events Television Social Activities Movies Copyright © 2006 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. CHAPTER 9: Science, Technology, and Society  Positive  Negative  Faster and easier  no physical activity work  Humanity can be  Conserves time and replaced by effort machines  Mass production  Mobility  Improved access to information Copyright © 2006 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. CHAPTER 9: Science, Technology, and Society The greatest innovation of technology was Estimated Life Expectancy of People in longevity. the United States, 1900 - 2000 90 80 70 Life Expectancy (in years) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Year Copyright © 2006 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. CHAPTER 9: Science, Technology, and Society (Continued ) A large part of technology has been dedicated to the advancement of medical science. Sir Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin, the first antibiotic, in 1928. Dr. William Thomas Green In 1796, Edward Jenner Morton (c. 1846) was one of paved the way for the first medical modern immunology by practitioners to use discovering a vaccine anesthesia on a patient for smallpox. before performing surgery. Copyright © 2006 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. CHAPTER 9: Science, Technology, and Society (Continued ) Some current innovations could have a drastic impact on society. In 1997, scientists at the Roslin Embryonic stem cell research is another Institute in Edinburgh, Scotland, area that is at the center of controversy. introduced Dolly the sheep, the first While stem cells might be able to be mammal ever to have been cloned. used to generate new organs for Dolly quickly became the symbol of transplant, the use of them has many the controversy over the ethics of ethical considerations. cloning. Copyright © 2006 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. CHAPTER 9: Science, Technology, and Society Inventions and innovations in communication have had a major influence Egypt: on society. papyrus and hieroglyphics Ancient Babylonia: cuneiform Ancient Greece: public speaking, persuasive rhetoric, drama, and philosophy Ancient Rome: Roman alphabet Modern Europe: printing press World today: World Wide Web Copyright © 2006 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Positive  Negative  Easy access to  Disregard face- information to-face  Getting connected interactions globally  Misinterpretatio  Convenient way of n of messages talking  No socialization  Freedom of  Abuse of expression anonymity  Fake news CHAPTER 9: Science, Technology, and Society Progress is a series of improvements in human life marked by inventions and discoveries. Positive attributes of technology must be greater than negative attributes Negative consequences: destruction of The Exxon Valdez oil spill off the coast of Alaska in 1989 environment and loss of impacted 1,300 miles of shoreline and killed an what it means to be enormous amount of wildlife. human Copyright © 2006 by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.  Science, Technology, and Society: Time Machine Students will be tasked to research for the following topics:  Science and technology in the Philippines during:  pre colonial period  Indigenous science and technology  colonial period  Significant contribution of the colonizers  The state of science and technology during colonial period  The class will then be grouped according to topics and will be tasked to prepare a 3-min role play that will highlight important points about the assigned topics.  Brief Historical Background of Science and Technology in the Philippines  Pre -Colonial Period  Scientific knowledge is observed by the way they:  plant their crops to provide them food  Take care of animals to help them in their daily tasks  Prepare the soil for agricultural purposes  Use plants for medicinal purposes  Use alphabet, number system, a weighing and measuring system and a calendar  Interpret the movements of heavenly bodies to predict seasons and climate and organizing days into months and years. Banaue Rice Terraces are among the sophisticated products of engineering Technology during Pre-colonial period  technology during pre colonial period is evident because people can: build houses irrigations and developing tools create musical instruments develop tools for fighting during war and for transportation Metal Age  sophisticated designs of gold and silver jewelries, ceramics and metal tools proved that the technological ideas helped in the development of different tools  Trading with China. Japan, Indonesia and other nearby countries have provided opportunities for technological and cultural exchange  Colonial Period Spanish Colonization  Life during the Spanish era became modernized adapting Western technology  introduced formal education and founded scientific institution  Introduced the concepts of subjects and discipline  Beginning of formal science and technology in the country (School of Science and Technology)  Science (focused on understanding concepts related to the human body, plants, animals and heavenly bodies)  Technology (focused on using and developing house tools; medicine and advanced science were introduced in colleges and universities-UST)  Spanish Era Philippines is one of the centers of global trade in Southeast Asia and is considered as one of the most developed places in the world Spanish also contributed to the field of engineering in the islands by constructing government buildings, churches, roads, bridges and forts. Trade was given more focus by the Spaniard colonial authorities due to the prospects of big profits – Galleon Trade  American Colonization Established public education system  Basic education focused on nature studies and science and sanitation  Science became a formal subject in schools Improved engineering works and health conditions of people Established modern research university, UP Created more public hospitals Explored mineral resources Improved transportation and communication system  Science during American Period Focused on: agriculture, food processing, forestry, medicine and pharmacy  Not much focus was given on the development of industrial technology due to free trade policy with the United States which nurtured an economy geared towards agriculture and trade  Science during American Period Bureau of Government Laboratories was established to replace the Laboratorio Municipal  dealt with the study of tropical diseases and laboratory projects. National Research Council of the Philippines was established in 1933  there is a lack of basic information which were necessities to the country's industries  lack of support of experimental work  minimal budget for scientific research  low salaries of scientists employed by the government  Science and Technology During World War II  development of the country was destabilized Institutions and public facilities were turned into ashes Government funds were focused on building some institutions and public facilities  The country used Overseas Development Allocations to help improve its scientific productivity and technological capability Reading Assignment: (Canvas Activity)  Students (by pair) should read the “Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022” (http:// www.neda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/Abridged-PD P-2017-2022_Final.pdf )  Evaluate the given document by answering the following questions:  What is the document all about?  Describe the present state of the Philippines in terms of economy, demography, politics and physical characteristics  What are the four areas for strategic policies, programs, and projects of the present administration?  What are the plans of the government in terms of advancing science and technology in our country?  Evaluate government policies pertaining to science and technology in terms of their contributions to nation building  Philippine Development Plan 2017-2020  October 11, 2016, President Rodrigo R. Duterte signed Executive Order No. 5, s. 2016 This approves and adopts the 25-year long-term vision entitled AmBisyon Natin 2040  four areas for strategic policies, programs, and projectsto help realize the AmBisyon Natin 2040.  Building a prosperous, predominantly middle-class society where no one is poor;  Promoting a long and healthy life;  Becoming smarter and more innovative; and  Building a high-trust society. Philippine Demography  101 million - Population in 2015  110 million - By 2020 -  Largest Populations are recorded in: CALABARZON, NCR, Central Luzon  The Philippines has 33 highly-urbanized cities: NCR, Metro Cebu, Metro Davao, and Metro Cagayan de Oro having the largest populations  Regions with higher gross regional domestic product also have higher populations.  CALABARZON, NCR, and Central Luzon account for 62.3 percent of GDP, while ARMM (0.7%), Caraga (1.3%), and MIMAROPA (1.6%) are the lowest contributors.