Introduction To Mine Surveying PDF

GEn 315 Mine Surveying ENGR. FILLMORE D. MASANCAY, GE, ENP, MSERM 1 Introduction to Mine Surveying Mine Surveying  Includes underground surveying as practiced in mining and tunneling as well as the surface operations associated with underground work & open-pit mining. https://www.youtub...

GEn 315 Mine Surveying ENGR. FILLMORE D. MASANCAY, GE, ENP, MSERM 1 Introduction to Mine Surveying Mine Surveying  Includes underground surveying as practiced in mining and tunneling as well as the surface operations associated with underground work & open-pit mining. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ymcduFLFq8o  Introduction to Mine Surveying  Conditions underground are very different from those on the surface.  Traverses may contain very short legs and run along narrow, dusty corridors.  Levels to establish elevations may have to be brought into the workings through deep shaft.  Introduction to Mine Surveying  Astronomic observations are not possible, so that underground orientation must be controlled by plumbing wires in a shaft or by means of a gyro theodolite.  Introduction to Mine Surveying  Rock movement can affect the stability of survey marks and may also cause more serious problems associated with cave-ins, property damage, or loss of life.  Mine surveyors must monitor these rock movements and cooperate closely with geologist and other related specialist. What is Mining Surveyor?  Introduction to Mine Surveying Mining surveyor  responsible for the accurate measurement of areas & volumes mined, plus the precise representation of the surface and underground situation on mining plans. Introduction to Mine Surveying Cross Section of a typical mining operation Introduction to Mine Surveying Cross Section of a typical mining operation  Introduction to Mine Surveying Terminologies  Adit – a horizontal or nearly horizontal passage driven from the surface for working or dewatering a mine  Back – the top of a drift, cross cut or stope. Also called a roof.  Back fill – waste rock or other materials used to fill a mined out stope to prevent caving.  Introduction to Mine Surveying Terminologies  Bedded deposit – an ore deposit of tabular form that lies horizontally or slightly inclined and is commonly parallel to the stratification of the enclosing rocks.  Cage – an elevator for workers and materials in a mine shaft.  Introduction to Mine Surveying Terminologies  Chute – a channel or trough underground, or inclined trough above ground, through which ore falls or is shot by gravity from a higher to a lower level; can also be spelled shoot.  Cone – a funnel-shaped excavation located at the top of a raise, and it is used to collect rock from the area above.  Introduction to Mine Surveying Terminologies  Collar – the term applied to the timbering or concrete around the mouth or top of a shaft  Cross cut – a horizontal opening driven from the shaft to a vein across the course of a vein in order to reach the ore zone.  Introduction to Mine Surveying Terminologies  Drawpoint – a place where ore can be loaded and removed; it is located beneath the stoping area, and gravity flow is used to transfer the ore to the loading place.  Dip – angle of inclination of the vein from the horizontal plane.  Introduction to Mine Surveying Terminologies  Drift – a horizontal opening in or near a mineral deposit and parallel to the course of the vein or long dimension of the deposit.  Entry – manway, haulage, way, or ventilation way below the ground, of a permanent nature.  Introduction to Mine Surveying Terminologies  Face – end wall of a drift or cross cut or of bedded deposit.  Foot wall – the wall or rock under a vein or other steeply inclined mineral formation.  Finger Raise – used for transferring ore; the usual arrangement is as a system of several raises that branch together to the same delivery point.  Introduction to Mine Surveying Terminologies  Gangue – undesired minerals associated with ore.  Gangway – a main haulage road underground.  Grizzly – an arrangement that prevents oversized rocks from entering an ore transfer system; consists of a steel grating for coarse screening or scalping.  Introduction to Mine Surveying Terminologies  Headframe – a construction at a top of a shaft which houses hoisting equipment.  Hanging wall – the wall or rock on the upper side of steeply inclined deposits.  Introduction to Mine Surveying Terminologies  Level – horizontal passage or drift which starts from shafts and are commonly spaced at regular intervals in depth. Either numbered from the surface in regular order or are designated by their actual elevation below the top of the shaft.  Introduction to Mine Surveying Terminologies  Minerals – refers to all naturally occurring inorganic substance in solid, gas, liquid, or any intermediate state including energy materials such as coal, petroleum, natural gas, radioactive materials, and geothermal energy.  Ore – a mineral deposit that can be worked at a profit under existing economic conditions.  Introduction to Mine Surveying Terminologies  Ore pass – vertical or diagonal opening between levels to permit the movement of ore by gravity.  Outcrop – exposed part of the vein.  Introduction to Mine Surveying Terminologies  Pillars – natural rock, or ore supports, left in slopes to avoid or decrease the roof subsidence as mining progresses.  Prospect – a mineral deposit for which the economic value has not yet been proven.  Introduction to Mine Surveying Terminologies  Raise – a vertical or inclined opening driven upwards in ore from a level.  Ramp – an inclined underground opening that connects levels or production areas; usually driven downward.  Rib – wall in an entry; can also be called as wall.  Introduction to Mine Surveying Terminologies  Shaft – a vertical or inclined excavation in a mine extending downward from the surface or from some interior point as a principal opening.  Sill – synonymous with floor.  Strike – the line of intersection between vein and the horizontal plane.  Slot – a vertical or inclined ore section that is excavated to open up for further stoping.  Introduction to Mine Surveying Terminologies  Stope – underground “room” or working area from which ore is removed.  Sump – an excavation made at the bottom of a shaft to collect water.  Tunnel – a horizontal or nearly horizontal underground passage that is open to the atmosphere at both ends.  Introduction to Mine Surveying Terminologies  Vein – thin deposit of minerals between definite boundaries.  Winze – a vertical or inclined opening driven downwards (sunk) from a point inside the mine for the purpose of connecting with a lower level.  Waste – mined rocks that do not contain minerals. Thank You!