Basic Human Needs PDF

‫بسم اهلل الرحمن الرحیم‬ Basic human needs Basic human needs are necessary for human survival and health (e.g., food, water, safety, and love). Although each person has unique needs, all people share basic human needs, and the extent to which people meet their basic needs is a major factor in dete...

‫بسم اهلل الرحمن الرحیم‬ Basic human needs Basic human needs are necessary for human survival and health (e.g., food, water, safety, and love). Although each person has unique needs, all people share basic human needs, and the extent to which people meet their basic needs is a major factor in determining their level of health According to this model, certain human needs are more basic than others, and some needs must be met before other needs (e.g., fulfilling physiological needs before the needs of love and belonging). Maslow’s hierarchy provides a basis for nurses to care for patients of all ages in all health settings. However, when applying the model, the focus of care is on a patient’s needs rather than on strict adherence to the hierarchy. It is unrealistic to always expect a patient’s basic needs to occur in the fixed hierarchical order. In all cases an emergent physiological need takes precedence over a higher-level need. In other situations, a psychological or physical safety need takes priority Maslow’s hierarchy  Physiologic needs ▪ Fluid ▪ Nutrition ▪ Elimination ▪ Oxygen ▪ Regulation of temperature ▪ Shelter ▪ sex  Need to fluid The need to establish a balance between intake and excretion of fluids Disturbance in this case... dehydration or edema Dehydration following fluid loss in cases such as fever, diarrhea, and vomiting/ with symptoms such as decreased skin turgor, reddening and warming of the skin, decreased secretion of tears and saliva, decreased urine volume, confusion and restlessness Edema due to fluid accumulation in the body such as heart and kidney failure, liver and malignancy.Edema with symptoms such as an increase in the diameter of the ankles and legs while standing, an increase in the diameter of the sacrum while lying down, and an abnormal and rapid increase in body weight. Nursing implementation: controlling fluid intake and excretion, increasing or decreasing fluid intake, prescribing electrolytes such as potassium chloride and diuretics.  Nutrition Man gets the necessary energy for daily activities through food The fastest and easiest way to get energy in the body is glucose metabolism. Signs and symptoms of eating disorder: Weight loss, decrease in serum proteins, decrease in muscle mass, fatigue, paleness ,…. Nursing implementation: delivering food through a stomach tube, training to get the right diet, etc.  Elimination Body wastes are eliminated by organs such as lungs, skin, kidneys and intestines Urinary disorders: Urinary incontinence, burning during urination, decreased urine output,… Excretion disorders: change in excretion pattern, fecal incontinence, constipation and diarrhea Nursing measures: controlling absorption and excretion of liquids, changing diet, maintaining privacy, providing suitable conditions for urine and feces excretion, enema and catheterization.  Sleep & rest Regular rest is one of the human physiological needs The amount of sleep varies from person to person Conditions such as chronic diseases, pregnancy, breastfeeding, surgery and occupational stress affect sleep The effects of insufficient sleep: darkening of the eyes, confusion, feeling tired, decreased motivation  Body temperature The body needs a constant temperature of 37 degrees to perform vital functions Hyperthermia & hypothermia is disorder of body temperature Nursing implementation: trying to stabilize the body temperature: Washing, bathing, replacing water and electrolytes to reduce the patient's body, temperature, slowly cooling the patient's body and  Safety Physical Safety Psychological Safety Nursing actions: The nurse's correct understanding of the existing physical and psychological risks and efforts to fix them  Love & belonging Symptoms of disorder in this need: Indifference to appearance, failure to observe personal hygiene, signs of physical problems, changes in sleeping patterns, aggression Nursing actions: Talking to the client and family  Self steam A feeling of ability to do things, a feeling of sufficiency and competence, a feeling of confidence and independence. Nursing actions: Communicating with the patient, helping to adapt to the existing conditions  Self-actualization Self-actualization is the highest expression of one’s individual potential and allows for continual self-discovery. Maslow’s model considers individual experiences, which are always unique to that individual  Self-actualization Ability to accept and fully implement assigned tasks Enjoying doing things well Lack of complete dependence on the opinions and opinions of others about behavior and appearance Self-confidence in exercising abilities and implementing decisions Using problem solving methods to solve problems and stresses Deal realistically with your mistakes and failures Accept constructive criticism and suggestions from others Having the ability to communicate with others as a speaker or listener Enjoying alone time Welcoming new knowledge and experiences in life Having the ability to adapt to changes in oneself and the surrounding environment