Fundamentals of Basic Human Needs PDF

Outline Introduction -Illness, or risk for illness occurs when people are unable to satisfy one or more of their basic needs independently. -Nurses, help people to satisfy their basic needs and to reduce threats to this need fulfillment.  Nursing care should be based on the need of the pati...

Outline Introduction -Illness, or risk for illness occurs when people are unable to satisfy one or more of their basic needs independently. -Nurses, help people to satisfy their basic needs and to reduce threats to this need fulfillment.  Nursing care should be based on the need of the patients. It is obvious that the nurse must be able to identify the patient's needs to determine patient's care. Unmet needs must be referred to as the patient's problem. Therefore, collaborative efforts of nursing, medical and other health team members must be attained according to the identified patient problems.  A need is a necessity or requirement. A physiological or psychological requirement for the well-being of an organism. Survival Needs = Physical Needs Complex needs= growth needs Maslow's hierarchy of human needs: Maslow defined the basic needs of all people as a progression from simple survival or physical needs, called deficiency needs, to more complex needs related to personal fulfillment, called growth needs. We can refer to the deficiency needs as priority needs.  All needs have a certain priority Psychological needs Lower priority Basic needs Higher priority In establishing priorities in nursing process, the nurse examines the patient’s nursing diagnoses and ranks them in order of physiological or psychological importance. A life-threatening diagnosis be given more urgency than a non-life-threatening diagnosis. Rank the following nursing diagnoses based on priorities: A. Alteration of comfort related to environmental noisy. (………..) B. Ineffective cerebral perfusion related to shock. (………..) C. Risk for aspiration related to disturbed conscious level. (………..) D. Ineffective therapeutic regimen management related to knowledge deficit. (………..)  “A primary nursing function is to meet these needs as Level #1: Physiological needs. they are vital to the survival of patients” Physiological needs deal with the maintenance of the human body. This lowest category includes the most basic needs that are vital to survival. Maintenance and for the avoidance of pain. All needs become secondary until these needs are met. Examples: Need for air, food, shelter, warmth, sleep, elimination. Level #2: Safety and Security Needs ❑Avoiding danger. ❑Safe circumstances → to be free from anxiety and fear. ❑Stability. ❑Protection, i.e., the need to be secure in the environment. Examples: Safety and Security Needs during illness - Physical security: - Emotional safety and security: 1. Using hand hygiene and sterile - Patients entering health care system face techniques to prevent infection. fear of the unknown, their prognosis, unfamiliar surroundings and unfamiliar personnel. 1. Using electrical equipment properly. 2. Administering medications All patients have anxiety. knowledgeably. 1. Night light to avoid accidents 2. Using skill when moving and ambulating patients. 1. Assessing patients for potential risks, such as falling, bleeding, infection. Level # 3: Love/ Belonging Needs (Social needs) - These needs are met through pleasing and fulfilling relationships with others. Humans have a desire to belong to groups: clubs, work groups, religious groups, family, etc. Belonging, love, affection, intimacy, family, friends, relationships. Level # 4: The Esteem needs There are two types of esteem needs. First is self-esteem, which results from competence or mastery of a task. Second, there's the attention and recognition that Self-esteem, self- confidence, achievement, comes from others. status, respect. When these needs are frustrated, the person feels inferior, weak, helpless and worthless. Level # 5: Self-actualization This level of need pertains to what a person's full potential is and realizing that potential. "What a man can be, he must be" is the basis of the perceived need for self-actualization. Maslow describes this as the desire to become everything that one can become. Realizing personal potential, self-fulfillment, pursue talent, personal growth, peak experiences, creativity. According to Maslow’s, which of the following needs would have priority for an individual? a. Obtain food. b. Protect against danger. c. Experience one’s potential. d. Be well thought of by others. Which of the following nursing actions would help a patient meet security and safety needs? a. Assist patient to eat. b. Report signs of abuse. c. Provide a soothing back rub. d. Encourage patient to walk after surgery. Which of the following levels of basic human needs is growth needs? A. Social needs B. Safety & security C. Esteem needs D. Cognitive needs According to Maslow's hierarchy of human needs, safety and security needs are include a. Shelter. b. Food c. Elimination d. water According to Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs, the highest level is..... a. Physiologic b. Safety and Security c. Love and belonging d. Self-actualization According to Maslow's hierarchy of human needs, the growth needs include all the following EXCEPT.... a. Cognitive needs b. Social needs c. Aesthetic needs d. Transcendence needs Of all the physiological needs, which one is the most essential? a. Food b. Water c. Elimination d. Oxygen A nurse is caring for a patient who has been diagnosed with lung cancer. The patient tells the nurse that she has not spoken with her mother in 8 years and really wants to reconnect with her. The nurse recognizes that this need falls under which category of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs? A. Safety B. Self-esteem C. Love and belonging D. Physiological A nurse is starting a shift in the morning. After receiving a report on the patients, the nurse reviews what needs to be done and starts to prioritize tasks. The nurse has the following patients: A: A 68-year-old patient who must take his medication with breakfast whose tray has just arrived B: A 42-year-old patient who has become unresponsive in the last 5 minutes C: A 51-year-old patient who is complaining of pain when he moves his shoulder D: A 38-year-old patient who wants to take a shower right away. In which order should the nurse prioritize activities? A. C, B, A, D B. B, C, A, D C. B, A, C, D D. A, B, D, C Use Maslow's hierarchy of human needs to prioritize the following patient problems from highest priority to lowest priority. A. Disturbed body Image (......) B. Ineffective airway Clearance (......) C. Spiritual distress (......) D. Impaired social Interaction (......) Which nursing diagnosis should receive the highest priority? A. Risk for injury related to edema. B. Abdominal pain related to constipation. C. Impaired gas exchange related to increased blood flow. D. Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to venous congestion. A patient’s respiratory rate is 8 breaths per minute and the patient is cyanotic. The nurse knows this patient’s needs fall into which level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs? A. Physiological B. Safety and security C. Love and belonging D. Self-actualization What is an example of self-esteem found within Maslow’s hierarchy? A. Achievements B. Friendships C. Family relationships D. Secure employment The nurse cares for a patient who begins to push the call light multiple times. When the nurse enters the room, the patient cannot recall why she has called for the nurse. What should the nurse do to ensure this client’s safety? A. Request the patient stops pushing the call light B. Educate the patient on proper use of the call light C. Spend time visiting with the patient D. Secure a room close to the nurse's station A nurse is caring for a patient who has been admitted for care after being injured while cooking at home. The patient is hurt because of the burns received while cooking, but also because she is upset that her spouse was not there to help. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, which of the following levels is this patient most likely feeling a deficit? A. Self-actualization needs B. Self-esteem needs C. Physiological needs D. Safety and security needs  Of all the physiologic needs, which one is the most essential? a. Food b. Water c. Elimination d. Oxygen Careful handwashing and using sterile techniques are ways in which nurses meet which basic human need? a. Physiologic b. Safety & Security c. Self-esteem d. Love & belonging Maslow's Hierarchy of basic human needs is useful when planning and implementing nursing care as it provides a structure for : a. Making accurate nursing diagnoses b. Establishing priorities of care c. Communicating concerns more concisely d. Integrating science into nursing care True and False Questions: Put (T) for true response and (F) for false response Statement T F The self-esteem is related to the person’s perception of self. The second level of Maslow’s hierarchy of needs relates to love and belonging. People must feel safe and secure either physically or emotionally before being comfortable enough to move on to meet other needs. Need is defined as physiological or psychological requirement for the well- being of an organism. According to Maslow’s hierarchy, the person does not feel the second need until the demands of the first have been satisfied. According to Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs, physiological needs as oxygen, water and food are the most important and first in priority of satisfaction. Safety and security take the priority as a need. List five basic human needs as developed by Maslow. a. ………………………………………..……………………………………. b. ………………………………………………………………………..……. c. …………………………………………………………..…………………. d. ………………………………………………………...…………………… e. ………………………………………………………….………………….. Match the following examples of nursing diagnosis categories: Example Terminology 1- Health-seeking behaviors ( ) Physiological needs. 2- Risk for unstable blood glucose ( ) Safety and security. 3- Risk for fall ( ) Love and belonging. 4- Risk for loneliness ( ) Self esteem. 5- Body image disturbed ( ) Self actualization. Give a rationale Importance of identifying the patient's needs: ✓ To determine patient's care. ✓ Identify the priority of needs. ✓ Identify the nature and quality of the resources available to meet those needs.