Flowers and Fruits PDF - Adamson University - December 2024

Flowers and Fruits Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO College of Pharmacy Adamson University December 2024 Flowers Structure in which sexual reproduction occurs. May contain sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Riel Anthony T. Oli, R...

Flowers and Fruits Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO College of Pharmacy Adamson University December 2024 Flowers Structure in which sexual reproduction occurs. May contain sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels. Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 2 Pharmacy, Adamson University Parts Sepals Outermost parts of a flower Usually leaf-like in appearance Protects flowers as buds Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 3 Pharmacy, Adamson University Parts Petals Often conspicuously colored Attracts pollinators Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 4 Pharmacy, Adamson University Parts Carpel (pistil) Ovule bearing reproductive units Seed-bearing Pear-shaped and found at flower center Composed of the ovary, style, and stigma (gynoecium) Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 5 Pharmacy, Adamson University Parts Carpel (pistil) Syncarpous – united carpels Apocarpous – gynoecium is free Pedicel Stalks that holds the flower Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 6 Pharmacy, Adamson University Parts Receptacle Somewhat enlarged tip of the pedicel Floral parts arise Calyx Collective term for sepals Corolla Collective term for petals Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 7 Pharmacy, Adamson University Parts Perianth Collective term for all sepals and petals Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 8 Pharmacy, Adamson University Parts Ovary Enlarged basal part of pistil One or more locules/cavities containing ovules that develop into seeds Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 9 Pharmacy, Adamson University Parts Ovary Ovules Small, round, or oval- shaped bodies inside the locules of the ovary Contain oocytes and other related cells Locule Cavity within the ovary Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 10 Pharmacy, Adamson University Parts Style Long and slender neck- like part from the ovary Stigma Sticky part found at the tip of the style to which the pollen adheres Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 11 Pharmacy, Adamson University Parts Stamen Pollen producing part Essential male part Androecium Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 12 Pharmacy, Adamson University Parts Stamen Anther Where pollen grains are produced Supported by filaments Usually consist of 4 pollen sacs Filaments Slender stalk supporting the anther Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 13 Pharmacy, Adamson University Parts Pollen grains Each grain contains 2 cells One cell generates 2 spermatocytes Other cell produces the pollen tubes to reach the ovule Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 14 Pharmacy, Adamson University Classification: Based on Parts Complete All 4 essential parts are present Incomplete 1 or more essential part is missing Perfect Flower with both the stamen and pistil May lack sepals and petals Bisexual flowers Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 15 Pharmacy, Adamson University Classification: Based on Parts Imperfect Bears either the stamen or pistil Staminate Pistillate unisexual Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 16 Pharmacy, Adamson University Classification: Based on Size and Shape Regular Corolla is made up of similarly shaped petals Equally spaced Radiating from the center of the flower Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 17 Pharmacy, Adamson University Classification: Based on Size and Shape Irregular One or more member of at least one whorl is different form or size from others Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 18 Pharmacy, Adamson University Classification: Based on Size and Shape Irregular Papilionaceous Standard petal or banner is usually the largest and most striking 2 wings (upper petals) or alae are lateral Keel (lower petal) is present Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 19 Pharmacy, Adamson University Classification: Based on Size and Shape Irregular Caesalpiniaceous Standard petal is the smallest and innermost 2 wings and 2 keels are almost the same size and shape Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 20 Pharmacy, Adamson University Classification: Based on Size and Shape Irregular Orchidaceous Flower has 3 petals 1 petal is very much different in size and shape called lip or labellus Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 21 Pharmacy, Adamson University Classification: Based on Symmetry Radial Flower is divisible on more than one axis into 2 equal parts Mirror images Regular or actinomorphic Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 22 Pharmacy, Adamson University Classification: Based on Symmetry Bilateral Distinctively divisible into right or left side Irregular or zygomorphic Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 23 Pharmacy, Adamson University Classification: Based on Symmetry Asymmetric No distinct equal halves Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 24 Pharmacy, Adamson University Classification: Based on Ovary Position Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 25 Pharmacy, Adamson University Classification: Based on Ovary Position Axile Attached to the middle of the ovary where the septal or a compound pistil is joined Free central Similar with axile but septa is absent Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 26 Pharmacy, Adamson University Classification: Based on Ovary Position Marginal Ovules are attached to vertical rows along the ovary wall Parietal Compound pistil Carpels are joined margin to margin Placenta is situated on ovary walls Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 27 Pharmacy, Adamson University Classification: Based on Ovary Position Basal Found in both simple and compound carpels with one locule in the ovary Ovule is attached to the base of the ovary Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 28 Pharmacy, Adamson University Infloresence Determinate, cymose, descending, or centrifugal Flower bud is terminal Indeterminate, ascending, or centripetal Flowers buds are axillary Mixed Combination of the two forms Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 29 Pharmacy, Adamson University Infloresence Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 30 Pharmacy, Adamson University Seeds Matured ovule borne by a plant enclosing an embryo sac. Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 31 Pharmacy, Adamson University Seeds Mature seeds contain a young shoot/plant embryo Contains nutritive tissue during germination Covered by a coat Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 32 Pharmacy, Adamson University Seeds: Parts Endosperm Nutritive tissue formed at some point in developing of all flowering plant seeds Cotyledons Seed leaf of a plant embryo Contains food stored for germination Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 33 Pharmacy, Adamson University Seeds: Parts Embryo Radicle Short embryonic root Hypocotyl Short portion of the embryonic shoot connecting the radicle to one or two cotyledons Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 34 Pharmacy, Adamson University Seeds: Parts Embryo Cotyledons Plumule / epicotyl Shoot apex above the point of attachment of the cotyledons Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 35 Pharmacy, Adamson University Fruits Mature ripened ovary that often provides protection, and dispersal for enclosed seeds. Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 36 Pharmacy, Adamson University Structure: Pericarp Ripened wall of the ovary Exocarp Mesocarp / sarcocarp Endocarp Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 37 Pharmacy, Adamson University Structure: Sutures Line formed by the coherent edges of capillary leaves Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 38 Pharmacy, Adamson University Structure: Valves Parts into which mature fruits separate to permit the escape of seeds Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 39 Pharmacy, Adamson University Classification: Number of Ovaries Drupe – single ovary e.g. peaches, apricot, cherries, avocado, olives, almond Pome – multiple ovaries e.g. star apple, apple Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 40 Pharmacy, Adamson University Classification: Number of Ovaries Berry – multiple ovary wherein the seeds are embedded in fleshy tissue e.g. tomato, blueberries, banana Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 41 Pharmacy, Adamson University Classification: Texture Fleshy Non-fleshy Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 42 Pharmacy, Adamson University Classification: Opening at Maturity Dehiscent – open at maturity Follicle – one suture e.g. milkweed Legume – one ovary splitting along two sutures e.g. peas Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 43 Pharmacy, Adamson University Classification: Opening at Maturity Dehiscent – open at maturity Capsules Multiple ovaries Splitting along two or more sutures Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 44 Pharmacy, Adamson University Classification: Opening at Maturity Indehiscent – close at maturity Achene – e.g. sunflower Multiple ovary but one seeded - e.g. walnuts Caryopses / grains Nuts Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 45 Pharmacy, Adamson University Classification: Structure Simple Ripening of a single pistil in a flower e.g. hazel nut Aggregate Carpels ripening e.g. raspberry Multiple fruits Ripening of a flower cluster e.g. pineapple Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 46 Pharmacy, Adamson University Classification: Structure Pepo Leathery rind e.g. pumpkin, squash, cucumber, watermelon Hesperidium Leathery fruit wall e.g. citrus fruits Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 47 Pharmacy, Adamson University End of Lecture Riel Anthony T. Oli, RPh, MSPharm, CBO - College of December 2024 48 Pharmacy, Adamson University