Biology Past Papers PDF (Arabic)

‫فقرة‬ ‫لو سألك‬  Note ‫فرق بين‬ Pollen grains Formation Pollen grains Germination In Anther of the flower on Stigma of the flower Spores Formation Spores Germination In the Sporangium In the sui...

‫فقرة‬ ‫لو سألك‬  Note ‫فرق بين‬ Pollen grains Formation Pollen grains Germination In Anther of the flower on Stigma of the flower Spores Formation Spores Germination In the Sporangium In the suitable medium Zygpspore Formation Zygpspore Germination In unsuitable conditions When conditions improve Note ‫خلى بالك‬ In Self pollination The level (height) of the anther is higher than that of the stigma. = The Filament is taller than the style 30) What is the role of filament in flower stamens? (2022 second session) A) Determines the type of pollination in unisexual flowers. B) Determines the type of pollination in hermaphrodite flowers. C) Protects the carpels in hermaphrodite flowers. D) Shares in pollen grain formation. Note ‫تعالى نجمع‬ Sexual reproduction by one parent: i. Lateral conjugation in spirogyra ii. Sexual reproduction by gametes on the same gametophyte iii. Fertilization of the Self-pollinated flowering plants Note Sources of nutrients Funicle Ovary wall Ovule 2N Before fertilization Embryonic sac contents Nucellus 2N Endospermic seed Endospermic I. During embryonic development II. During seed germination in soil tissue 3N Ex-Endospermic seed After fertilization I. During embryonic development only 77) What is the similarity between beans seeds and maize grains? (Final exam 2021 1st session). A) Containing micropyle through which water passes during germination. B) Embryo feeds on endosperm during germination. C) Embryo feeds on stored food in the cotyledons during germination. D) Origin of the envelope surrounding them. 21) Which of the following seeds obtain the required energy for embryonic development from the endosperm? (2nd session ,2023) A) Monocotyledonous only. B) Endospermic only. C) Ex-endospermic only. D) Endospermic and ex-endospermic Note Before forming of roots & Stem & leaves of the plant needed for photosynthesis Angiosperm {Flowering plant} Fern plant Early germination of Early germination of Embryo of Endospermic seed Ex-Endospermic seed Sporophyte (In soil) (In soil) Endospermic tissue in Stored food in the two the seed cotyledons Gametophyte (Starch) (Proteins) Note ‫تعالى نجمع‬ ❖ NO. OF fruits = NO. OF ovaries Egg cell nucleus Two male nuclei ❖ NO. OF seeds = NO. OF Fertilized ovules = Two embryonic = NO.OF germinated pollen grains sac nuclei ❖ NO. OF Nuclei shares in formation of seeds = 5 ❖NO. OF nuclei shares in formation of embryo inside the seed = 2 ( egg nucleus + male nucleus)  Note Calculations NO. of fruits One One NO. of Seeds One Three NO. of participated Nuclei in 15 formation of seeds 5 NO. of participated ovules One Three NO. of participated pollen grains One Three Minimum NO. of meiotic divisions 2 4 performed  External sources Questions Which of the figures below represents a cross-section in the upper part of the style of a watermelon flower during the pollen germination stage?) A) A B) B C) C D) D  External sources Questions How many fruits and seeds are produced from this flower upon successful fertilization, assuming all ovules are fertilized? A) One fruit - One seed B) One fruit - 6 seeds C) 6 fruits - 6 seeds D) 6 fruits - One seed  Note ‫انا مين‬ Endospermic Endospermic Endospermic Ex-endospermic Monocot Monocot Dicot Dicot Fusion between No fusion No fusion No fusion ovary wall with the ovule integuments Wheat/Maize Dates Castor Beans/Peas All ex-endospermic seeds are dicot All monocots are endospermic Note Comparison between Castor seeds and Pea & Beans seeds Castor seeds Pea & Beans seeds I. Dicot seeds Similarities II. No fusion between ovary wall with the ovule integuments Endospermic seed {Type of seed} Ex-Endospermic seed Differences {Source of nutrients Food stored in the Endosperm in the seed} two Cotyledons Starch {Type of food} Proteins Note ‫تعالى نجمع‬ Fruits which keep the calyx : Eggplant & Dates & Pomegranate Fruits which keep calyx and stamen : Pomegranate Fruits which keep the corolla : Marrow fruit According to your studies: Pomegranate flower is Hermaphrodite flower All of them are true fruits 28) Which of the following describe the eggplant fruit? (Experimental exam 1 ,2021) A) True fruit. B) False fruit. C) Single seeded fruit. D) Seedless fruit. 103) Which of the following floral whorls/leaves could be found together in the same fruit? (2nd session ,2023) A) Calyx and corolla. B) Sepals and stamens. C) Stamens and petals. D) Petals and receptacle. Note ‫ايه الي هيحصل لو‬ Ovule is completely surrounded by the two integuments? No fertilization occurs Seedless fruit The pollen grain & seeds & Spores of {bread mould fungus – Mushroom – Fern plants} & Zygospores are completely surrounded by the thick wall? No germination occurs Note Comparison between parthenocarpy & Parthenogenesis parthenocarpy Parthenogenesis It is the ability of the ovary It is the ability of the unfertilized egg Definition to develop into seedless to develop into a new individual fruits without fertilization without being fertilized by a male gamete Fertilization Reproduction NOT considered as a reproduction Asexual reproduction  Note Comparison between parthenocarpy & Parthenogenesis parthenocarpy Parthenogenesis In insects as honey bee , Naturally In banana , pineapple aphid insects, crustaceans and some worms Artificially cucumber Starfish, frogs and Rabbits (early embryonic stages) By spraying the stigma of flowers Thermal shock (heat) Electric Used methods to with an extract of pollen grains shock Irradiation induce artificially (pollen grains powder in ether some salts Agitation Pricking alcohol) with a needle Using NAA or IAA  Note ‫تعالى نجمع‬ Spraying the stigma with pollen grain extracts → Forming fruit without seed (Parthenocarpy) Spraying the stigma with pollen grains → Forming fruit with seeds Note ‫تعالى نجمع‬ Using Naphthol acetic acid (NAA) or Indole acetic acid (IAA) → Forming fruit without seed (Parthenocarpy) putting the growing tip on the stigma → Forming fruit without seed (Parthenocarpy) Note ‫خلي بالك‬ The parthenocarpy in bean will produce pods devoid of seeds 76) What is the shape of pea fruit pods resulting from treating flowers by pollen grain powder in ether solution? (Final exam 2021 1st session) A) Free of seeds. B) Having a few seeds. C) Larger in size. D) Taller than normal. THANK YOU!