NATS1675 Review: The Structural & Functional Organization of the Human Body (L3) PDF
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B. Barbara Czaban, Ph.D.
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This document is a review of the structural organization of the human body, specifically designed for an L3 course. It provides key points and some questions to help understand the different levels of body organization, from chemical to organism level. It focuses on the various tissue types, such as epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous, with details on their functions.
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NATS1675 – REVIEW: The Structural & Functional Organization of the Human Body (L3) Topic Outline This review is only a summary of key points. For details refer to the lecture notes. 1. Definitions - anatomy, phys...
NATS1675 – REVIEW: The Structural & Functional Organization of the Human Body (L3) Topic Outline This review is only a summary of key points. For details refer to the lecture notes. 1. Definitions - anatomy, physiology, histology 2. Organization and the Body a. Collection of atoms held together by chemical bonds b. Body is Designed to acquire and use raw materials and energy 3. Levels of Structural Organization a. Chemical level i. subatomic particles, atoms, molecules, macromolecules b. Cellular level i. cells, organelles, basic cell functions, cells are alive! ii. cells structures and their general functions – in Eukaryotic cells c. Tissue Level i. Epithelial Epithelial Sheets - simple, stratified – be able to recognize their general features and appearance ii. Connective Cells and extracellular matrix General Types – Fibrous (loose, dense irregular, dense regular) and Specialized (cartilage, bone, adipose, blood) – be able to recognize their general features and appearance iii. Muscular 3 types (skeletal, cardiac, smooth) – be able to recognize their general features and appearance iv. Nervous Neurons and neuroglia – descriptions and general functions d. Organ level e. Organ system level f. Organismal level Go to next page… © B. Barbara Czaban, Ph.D., Review: Structural Organization of the Body, NATS1675 1 Some Questions (answers on next page – BUT try answering the questions first, before looking at the answers) 1. Define Histology 2. Define Anatomy 3. Define Physiology 4. What are the 3 subatomic particles that make up an atom? 5. List the levels of organization of the human body, from simplest to most complex. 6. Name the 4 types of tissues found in the human body. 7. What is the main difference between stratified and simple epithelia? 8. Name the different types of connective tissues. 9. Name 3 types of protein fibres found in connective tissues. 10. Name the 3 types of muscle tissues found in humans 11. What are nerve cells called? 12. Name 3 types of neuroglia found in the Central Nervous System Go to next page for answers… © B. Barbara Czaban, Ph.D., Review: Structural Organization of the Body, NATS1675 2 Answers to Questions 1. The science of the microscopic structure of biological material 2. The science of structure and the relationships among structures 3. The science of body functions 4. Protons, neutrons, electrons Protons – positive charge Neutrons – neutral charge Electrons – negative charge 5. Atoms, molecules, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organism 6. Epithelial, connective, muscular, nervous 7. Stratified epithelium consists of multiple layers of cells Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of cells 8. Loose Fibrous Dense Fibrous – irregular, regular Elastic Cartilage Bone Adipose Blood 9. Collagen fibres Elastin (elastic fibres) Reticular fibres 10. Skeletal Smooth Cardiac 11. Neurons 12. Microglia Astrocytes Oligodentrocytes © B. Barbara Czaban, Ph.D., Review: Structural Organization of the Body, NATS1675 3
