Introduction to Physiology- Levels of Organization of the Human Body PDF

Physiology Team 445 Introduction to 1 Physiology-levels of organization of the...

Physiology Team 445 Introduction to 1 Physiology-levels of organization of the human body EDITING FILE: OBJECTIVE - Main Text - Important Define physiology. Describe the level of body organization - Dr’s notes Distinguish the primary tissues and their - Girls' Slides subtypes Describe basic functions for body systems - Boys' Slides - Extra [email protected] file editing How is it Related to Medicine? girls slides Many diseases can viewed as physiology gone wrong (pathophysiology) understanding of physiology is essential for the study and practice of medicine. it is one of the cornerstones of medicine How is the Body Organised? Levels of Organisation  what is Physiology? Physio: Derived from “nature.” Logy: The science or study of. The science dealing with the way a normal organism and their body parts function The study of how body works , the ways in which cells, organs, and the whole body functions, and how these functions are maintained in a changing environment What is the difference between anatomy and physiology of the heart? Anatomy: Physiology: studies the structure studies the function. Types of physiology: Cellular Physiology Systemic physiology The study of the cellular components that primarily The study of the coordinated and determines organ function. networked processes that (such as, endoplasmic determine whole body function reticulum has function in and adaptation to change storage and secretion.)  The cell: The Unit of Structure & Function The cell is the basic living unit of the body Each human being Fertilized egg starts as a single cell (i.e. fertilized egg). The number of cells increase by cellular division. The process of transforming an unspecialized cell into a specialized cell is known as differentiation. Cells may differ markedly from one another, but they all share certain basic characteristics. Cell Structure  Tissues Tissue: A collection of a single type of specialized cells 1 Muscle Tissue specialized to generate mechanical force (cause movement). Three types of muscle tissue: 1-Skeletal muscle 2-Smooth muscle 3-Cardiac muscle 2 Nervous Tissue specialized to initiate, integrate, and conduct electrical signals to other cells,carry information. Carry information. Conduct electrical impulses These signals may: 1-Initiate new electrical signals in other neurons. 2-Stimulate a gland to secrete hormones. 3-Stimulate muscle contraction. 3 Epithelial Tissue It covers exposed surfaces, line internal passageways and chambers, produce glandular secretions. - There are many shapes of epithelial cells according to the function they need to perform. -There are many types of epithelial tissue. There are shared properties: - It lines surfaces. - Offers protection. - Maybe involved in secretion and absorption of ions & organic molecules 4 Connective Tissue -It connects anchors and support the structure of the body. - It consist of many and diverse cell and tissue types each with its specific function. - It fills internal spaces and store energy  Girls slides Organs and Systems: Combination of two or Several organs come more types of together and are tissues forms an Organ organised into a System Systems: System Major Organs Primary Functions Integumentary Skin, hair, nails Protection, thermoregulation Regulation of other body Nervous Brain, spinal cord, nerves systems Hormone-secreting glands, such as the Secretion of regulatory Endocrine pituitary, thyroid, and adrenals molecules called hormones Skeletal Bones, cartilages Movement and support Muscular Skeletal muscles Movement of the skeleton Circulatory Heart, blood vessels, lymphatic vessels Movement of blood and lymph Defense of the body against Immune Bone marrow, lymphoid organs invading pathogens Respiratory Lungs, airways Gas exchange Regulation of blood volume and Urinary Kidneys, ureters, urethra composition Mouth, stomach, intestine, liver, Breakdown of food into Digestive gallbladder, pancreas molecules that enter the body Gonads, external genitalia, associated Continuation of the human Reproductive glands and ducts species  MCQs: 1- It connects anchors and support the structure of the body? A) Connective tissue B) Epithelial tissue C) Nervous tissue D) Muscle tissue 2- The primary function of the skeletal system is: A) Regulation of other C) Movement and B) Gas exchange D) Storage and secretion body systems support 3- The basic living unit of the body: A) Cell B) Tissue C) Organ D) System 4- The process of transforming an unspecialized cell into a specialized cell is known as: A) hybridization B) specification C) electrical D) differentiation 5- Muscle tissue is specialized to generate.......... force: A) Chemical B) Mechanical C) Electrical D) Magnetic 6- Physiology is the study of which of the following? A) Tissue structure B) Drug action C) Organs distribution D) Normal function 7- Several cells make organ True False 7-F 6-D 5-B 4-D 3-A 2-C 1-A Jood Alqosi Bandar Alqahtani Aljoharah Algazlan Abdulaziz Alowaid Dana Alanazi Naser Alnukhylan Maha alghamdi Khalid Alangari Rehad Almutairi Turki Alanazi Danah Alrabiah Rayan Alshahrani Rahaf Metlea Mohammed Almutairi Renad Bin Sanad Faris Aldawood Horia alotaibi Abdullah Alnami Latifah Al-Dossary Yazeed Alqarni Aryam Almotairi Ibrahim Almugrin Jory Alturki Abdullaziz Ibrahim Nada Almuhawwis Shahad alotaibi Basma Al-Bahkly Retaj Alosaimi