01PRE-Interpreting in Healthcare Glossary PDF.pdf
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SMIP I INTERPRETING IN HEALTHCARE GLOSSARY FALL 2024 No. TERM - TÉRMINO DEFINITION - DEFINICIÓN...
SMIP I INTERPRETING IN HEALTHCARE GLOSSARY FALL 2024 No. TERM - TÉRMINO DEFINITION - DEFINICIÓN understanding and analyzing a spoken (or signed) message, then re-expressing that message 1 interpreting faithfully and accurately in another spoken (or signed) language. the conversion of a written text in one language into a written text in a second language, 2 translating equivalent in meaning to the text in the first language. a valuable credential that demonstrates that you have completed a course of study or a program & can show that you can perform some of the skills required to enter the field. SMIP 3 a training certificate is an example of a training certificate. a process by which an accredited governmental or professional organization certifies that an individual is qualified to provide a particular service. A certification generally involves taking 4 certification one or more tests to prove your knowledge and skills, and is often required to begin working as an interpreter. many hospitals and health centers employ in-house or staff interpreters. Staff interpreters are employees, as opposed to independent contractors. Staff interpreters may have stable in-house interpreters 5 schedules, or work variable hours. Depending on their full-time or part-time status, they may staff interpreters have employee benefits, such as health insurance, paid time off, etc. the majority of interpreters work as freelance interpreters (also called self-employed, contract interpreter or independent contractor). Freelancers own their own business and can contract freelance interpreters with as many agencies as they wish, such as large language service companies, small local 6 independent contractors agencies, or direct with hospitals. Freelancers do not receive benefits and are normally paid hourly. dual role interpreters (bilingual staff) are healthcare employees whose main role is not as an interpreter, for example a medical assistant or an ultrasound technician. These employees 7 dual-role interpreters might be asked to interpret, in addition to their main role. most volunteer interpreters are not paid, and they may work on a regular basis for a particular clinic or organization. Most are not trained or qualified to interpret and for this reason, most 8 volunteer interpreters large hospitals or organizations no longer use volunteer interpreters. interpreting for patients, their families and the healthcare team in order to facilitate equitable 9 healthcare interpreting access to healthcare. a specialization of interpreting that facilitates access to community services for individuals who 10 community interpreting do not speak the language of service. the format in which the interpreter is present to interpret. Examples of modalities are in-person, 11 video remote, and over-the-phone interpreting. modality on-site interpreting a modality of interpreting where the interpreter is physically present at the encounter. 12 in-person interpreting remote interpreting a modality of interpreting where the interpreter is not physically present with the other parties. 13 over-the-phone interpreting Usually via video or telephone. Sometimes all the participants are located in different places. (OPI) a modality of remote interpreting where the interpreter joins via video. Interpreters may video remote interpreting perform VRI as part of their independent contracting, or as a direct employee of a VRI 14 VRI company. the way the message is converted and transmitted into the other language. Examples of mode 15 mode are consecutive interpreting, simultaneous interpreting, and sight translation. understanding and reformulating a message in another language after the speaker (or signer) consecutive interpreting 16 pauses. Only one person speaks at a time. consecutive mode understanding and reformulating a message in another language while the speaker (or signer) simultaneous interpreting 17 is still speaking. The interpreter speaks at the same time as the consumer. simultaneous mode 1 SMIP I INTERPRETING IN HEALTHCARE GLOSSARY FALL 2024 No. TERM - TÉRMINO DEFINITION - DEFINICIÓN an oral rendering of the meaning of a written text. For example, reading something in English sight translation 18 out loud in Spanish, as if it were written in Spanish. sight translation mode an adjective used to describe a person whose first language is other than English, and speaks limited-English proficiency and understands English "less than very well." This is a government term used to describe 19 (LEP) people who have the right to interpreting services. a person who uses an interpreter. This includes LEP patients and the healthcare staff that use service user 20 an interpreter to communicate. consumer the language you interpret into. For example, if a patient speaks Spanish, and you interpret 21 target language that into English, the target language would be English. the language you interpret from. For example, if a patient speaks Spanish, that would be the 22 source language source language. a verbal or spoken word, thought or expression. In consecutive interpreting, the utterance is everything that the speaker said before the interpreter renders it into the other language. You 23 utterance can think of it like a line of dialogue in a play - everything the actor says in that line is one utterance. interpreting as if you were the voice of the person speaking. For example, if the consumer said "I feel sick", a first-person interpretation would be "Me siento enfermo." This is the default type direct speech 24 of interpreting, as it avoids confusion about who said what, and helps the consumers feel as if first-person interpreting they are truly speaking to each other. the features of language that make it sound formal/technical vs. familiar. This includes word choice (e.g., hypertension vs. high blood pressure), grammar, pronunciation, etc. We all adjust register our register every day depending on who we talk to. For example, how you would talk to a 25 high register judge vs. how you would talk to your best friend. When we interpret, we try to make choices low register that match the register of the speaker as much as possible. Register can be described as high (formal or technical) or low (used in informal conversation). a term or expression that is not formal, and usually used in ordinary or familiar conversation. colloquial language These expressions often can't be interpreted literally (e.g., "es pan comido") Sometimes they 26 colloquialism are limited to just speakers from one region. Slang is one type of colloquialism. a regionalism indicates a term that is used in on specific country or region. For example, the word "banana" might be translated as la banana, el plátano, or el guineo, depending on where regionalism 27 the speaker is from. None of these is more correct than the others, but interpreters try to pick regional variant the words that will be best understood by the listener. words from two different languages that look very similar, but do not mean the same thing. false cognate 28 Example: the arena (a place to hold a sporting event) vs. la arena (las partÃculas en la playa), false friend two words in a language that mean the same thing. Example: el doctor, el médico. 29 synonym a technique used to practice interpreting skills using only one language. The interpreter listens to a speaker (live or recorded) and attempts to repeat what they hear, in the same language, 30 shadowing as accurately as possible. repeating what a person has said in different words, usually shorter and simpler to make the meaning clearer. We avoid paraphrasing when we interpret, but paraphrasing can be 31 paraphrasing combined with shadowing practice to increase your interpreting skills. a short introduction, held prior to the interpreted session, between the interpreter and the LEP preamble user and/or between the interpreter and the service provider pre-session ~ it establishes the basic guidelines of the interpreting encounter and increases the probability 32 pre-encounter of everything going smoothly. pre-conference ~ it decreases the risk of the interpreter having to use an intervention. 2 SMIP I INTERPRETING IN HEALTHCARE GLOSSARY FALL 2024 No. TERM - TÉRMINO DEFINITION - DEFINICIÓN session 33 encounter a meeting or period devoted to a particular activity, such as a medical appointment. interaction any act or utterance from the interpreter that goes beyond interpreting, with the intention of removing a barrier to communication or to service delivery. For example, if a consumer is 34 intervention speaking fast, the interpreter's intervention may be pausing and asking the consumer to speak more slowly. the LEP and provider addressing each other directly during the session. If someone is saying 35 direct communication "Tell the patient that..." then direct communication is NOT happening. the capacity of each party in an encounter to be responsible for and in control of their own 36 communicative autonomy communication. three conditions must be met in order for an act (or a choice) to be autonomous: a person 37 autonomy must act with intention, with understanding, and without controlling influences. the process in which a health care provider educates a patient about the risks, benefits, and alternatives of a procedure. The patient must be competent to make a voluntary decision about whether to undergo the procedure or intervention. Informed consent is both an ethical and 38 informed consent legal obligation of medical practitioners in the US and originates from the patient's right to direct what happens to their body. a healthcare interpreter takes on a variety of roles, as needed depending on the circumstances. ~ the most appropriate role is the least invasive role that will contribute to direct 39 interpreter role(s) communication and support equitable healthcare. an interpreter role that involves taking action or speaking up on behalf of a service user whose safety, health, well-being or dignity is at risk, so as to prevent harm or to rectify a problem 40 advocacy encountered by one of the parties (usually the LEP). in this role, interpreters are alert for possible words or concepts that might lead to message clarifier misunderstanding and identify and assist in clarifying possible sources of confusion for the 41 clarifier patient, provider, or interpreter. this role goes beyond clarifying words to include an action that relates to the interpreter's cultural clarifier ultimate goal of facilitating communication between two people who do not share a common cultural interface culture. 42 cultural bridge ~ interpreters should be alert to cultural words, concepts, or non-verbal cues that can lead to cultural broker misunderstanding. This is what triggers the interpreter into this role. This is the default mode in which interperters work. While in this role, the interpreter must message converter manage the flow of communication between all parties, listen to both speakers, observe body 43 conduit language, convert the meaning of all messages from source language to target language message passing without additions, deletions, or changes in meaning. the interpreter keeps all parties in the session fully informed of what is happening, who is speaking, and what the interpreter is doing. For example, if the interpreter has asked a 44 transparency clarifying question to the patient in Spanish, they will also state in English that the interpreter has asked a clarifying question. not partial or biased ~ treating or affecting all equally 45 impartiality ~ not favoring one side or opinion more than another ~ an example of impartial is the nature of a judge in a court case a formal guideline about how to behave in certain professions or activities. 46 protocol guidelines about how to behave in a profession and strategies to support professional conduct. 47 standards of practice 3 SMIP I INTERPRETING IN HEALTHCARE GLOSSARY FALL 2024 No. TERM - TÉRMINO DEFINITION - DEFINICIÓN a set of directives that specify requirements or expectations intended to guide the conduct of 48 code of ethics practitioners of a profession. legislation that requires or stipulates that the impact of discrimination in access to public 49 language access laws services be reduced through the provision of competent language assistance. a federal law that required the creation of national standards to protect sensitive patient health information from being disclosed without the patient’s consent or knowledge. The US 50 HIPAA Department of Health and Human Services issued the HIPAA Privacy Rule to implement the requirements of HIPAA. the various parts of the context in which an interpreter works. Demands influence an 51 demands interpreter's professional choices. the professional decisions of the interpreter in response to the context of the work. Controls 52 controls are used conservatively and with the goals of the encounter in mind. ACRONYM / SIGLA DEFINITION - DEFINICIÓN This list of acronyms is for you to reference, if you need it. 53 CHIA California Healthcare Interpreting Association 54 IMIA International Medical Interpreters Association 55 NBCMI National Board of Certification for Medical Interpreters 56 CLAS Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Services 57 HIPAA Health Insurance Portability & Accountability Act 58 LEP Limited-English Proficiency 59 LOTE language other than English 60 NCIHC National Council on Interpreting in Health Care 61 OPI over-the-phone interpreting 62 PHI protected health information 63 SL source language 64 TL target language 65 VRI video remote interpreting 66 CIFE Confidentiality - In the 1st person - Flow Control - Everything is interpreted 4
