01 Systems Architecture Mastery.pptx

Mastering Unit 1 Systems Architecture Unit 1 Specification Brain Dump: Unit 1 Mind map / note down everything you can Task remember about unit 1 A Computer System MAIN MEMORY INPUT CENTRAL PROCESSING OUTPUT DEVICES UNIT (CPU) DEV...

Mastering Unit 1 Systems Architecture Unit 1 Specification Brain Dump: Unit 1 Mind map / note down everything you can Task remember about unit 1 A Computer System MAIN MEMORY INPUT CENTRAL PROCESSING OUTPUT DEVICES UNIT (CPU) DEVICES SECONDARY STORAGE The CPU Central Processing Unit Used to process instructions. The CPU runs a cycle for each instruction that it processes… What is the name of the cycle? Fetch – Decode – Execute Cycle Which architecture do the computers we use have? Von Neumann Architecture FDE Cycle This architecture uses the F-D-E cycle to process an instruction. This means that each instruction is: 1. Fetched from memory 2. Decoded – The computer breaks down what the instruction is asking 3. Executed – The computer runs/executes the instruction The cycle will then repeat for the next instruction. 1 instruction = 1 cycle Inside the CPU There are many components inside the CPU: Can you name them all? ALU (Arithmetic Logic Unit) CU (Control Unit) Cache Registers  MAR  MDR  PC  Accumulator Memory Hierarchy Pyramid Components of the CPU Arithmetic Logic Unit Carries out all arithmetic and logical operations. Example: An instruction adding two numbers together. Control Unit Control all components and manages the flow of an instruction. Cache Stores frequently used instructions Level 1 = Smallest but fastest  Stored inside the CPU Level 2 = Medium capacity and speed Level 3 = Larger but slower  Sits between RAM and CPU Components of the CPU: Registers The fastest type of memory are registers. Program Counter: Holds the address of the next instruction to be executed. Increments by +1 each cycle (at the end of the Fetch stage). Memory Address Register: Holds the address of the current instruction so that it can be fetched from memory. Memory Data Register: Holds the actual data of the instruction that has been fetched from memory. Accumulator: Temporarily holds the result of an instruction before it is transferred to memory. Von Neumann Architecture Uses the “stored program” concept. Programs and data are stored in the same memory. Mastery PPQs 1. Download the Mastery PPQs from Teams. Save in Year 11 Mastery Folder. Task 2. 3. Complete Questions 1-4iii. Mark Scheme 1. Mark your answers as we go. Task Mark Scheme 1. Mark your answers as we go. Task CPU Performance There are three characteristics that can affect the performance of the CPU: Clock Speed How many instructions can be processed per second. Each instruction is one cycle of the FDE cycle. Number of Cores How many instructions can be processed at the same time. Cache Size Faster memory location than RAM (main memory) so has quicker access time. The more cache, the more frequently used instructions can be stored. Mastery PPQs 1. Complete Questions 5i-5iii. Task Mark Scheme 1. Mark your answers as we go. Task Embedded Systems The day to day computers that we use are known as general purpose computers. They can be used to complete a wide range of everyday tasks. How would you describe an embedded system? An embedded system is: A small computer that forms part of a larger system device or machine. They have one, or a limited number of tasks that they can perform. Has its own microcontroller to process the flow of data. Exam Paper Examples:  Washing machine, Dishwasher, Microwave, Mobile Phone Mastery PPQs 1. Complete Questions 6i-6ii. Task Mark Scheme 1. Mark your answers as we go. Task