The Ultimate Nervous System Anatomy and Function Quiz

Questions and Answers

Which part of the nervous system encompasses nerves outside the brain and spinal cord?

Peripheral nervous system

What are the three basic functions of the nervous system?

Sensory Function, Integrating Function, Motor Function

What is the role of the nervous system in the body?

All of the above

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sending impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and endocrine glands?

Autonomic Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of neurons in the nervous system?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

Analyze the information Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the fight or flight response?

Sympathetic Signup and view all the answers

What is the anatomy of the nervous system?

Both central and peripheral nervous systems Signup and view all the answers

Which division of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the rest and restore response?

Parasympathetic Signup and view all the answers

Why is it necessary to begin CPR soon after cardiac arrest

Neurons require high O2 levels Signup and view all the answers

Which system generally has an excitatory effect, increasing heart rate and dilating pupils?

Sympathetic Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

What are the structural components of neurons?

Same as other cells Signup and view all the answers

Which system helps the body replace its losses during the fight or flight response, increasing GI motility and decreasing heart rate?

Parasympathetic Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?

Link the CNS with the rest of the body Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for contraction of the intestines and regulation of the heart rate and blood pressure?

Autonomic Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

Which two systems generally have opposite effects?

Sympathetic Nervous System and Parasympathetic Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of cranial nerves in the nervous system?

Focus on sympathetic and parasympathetic function and effects Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves emerge from the thoracic and lumbar vertebrae?

Sympathetic Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves emerge from the brain and spinal cord?

Parasympathetic Nervous System Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sending nerves that come from the brain and leave the cranium through the numerous foramen?

Cranial Nerves Signup and view all the answers

Which part of a neuron is responsible for initiating nerve impulses to the muscles?

Axon Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

To insulate and protect the axon Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a neurotransmitter?

Acetylcholine Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for involuntary control of bodily functions?

Autonomic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

Which section of the brain is responsible for receiving and interpreting sensory information?

Cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

Which lobe of the cerebrum is responsible for processing visual information?

Occipital lobe Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the cerebellum?

To allow coordinated movement and balance Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is associated with the diencephalon and is responsible for regulating body temperature and hunger?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the brain stem?

To control autonomic functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the meninges in the central nervous system?

To provide blood vessels and cushioning Signup and view all the answers

Which sense is responsible for detecting changes in skin temperature?

Touch Signup and view all the answers

Which sense is responsible for detecting intense stimuli of any type?

Nociceptors Signup and view all the answers

Which sense is responsible for detecting body position and movement?

Proprioception Signup and view all the answers

Which sense is responsible for detecting taste?

Gustatory sense Signup and view all the answers

Which sense is responsible for detecting smell?

Olfactory sense Signup and view all the answers

Which sense is responsible for converting vibrations of air molecules into nerve impulses?

Auditory sense Signup and view all the answers

What are the visceral senses?

Senses related to internal organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between superficial and central temperature sensors?

Superficial sensors detect external temperature, while central sensors detect internal temperature Signup and view all the answers

What is nociception?

The process of pain perception Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of taste buds?

Small, rounded structures on the tongue Signup and view all the answers

What are the special senses?

Visceral sensations, touch, temperature, pain and proprioception Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the ear acts as a funnel to collect sound wave vibrations and direct them to the eardrum?

Pinna Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the middle ear?

Amplifies and transmits vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear Signup and view all the answers

What are the three ossicles in the middle ear?

Malleus, Incus, Stapes Signup and view all the answers

Where are the equilibrium receptors located in the inner ear?

Vestibule and semicircular canals Signup and view all the answers

What causes the tectorial membrane and the hair cells of the organ of Corti to rub against each other?

Fluid vibration in the cochlear duct Signup and view all the answers

What is proprioception?

Body position Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is NOT a component of the conjunctiva?

Space between the bulbar and palpebral portions Signup and view all the answers

Where is the nictitating membrane located in domestic animals?

Between the eyelids and the eyeball Signup and view all the answers

What do the tarsal glands produce?

Waxy substance Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lacrimal apparatus?

Produce and secrete tears Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the space between the bulbar and palpebral portions of the conjunctiva?

Conjunctival sac Signup and view all the answers

Where are the lateral and medial canthus located?

At the corners where the eyelids come together Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the eye contains the photoreceptors that detect the image and generate visual nerve impulses?

Inner nervous layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the iris in the eye?

Controls amount of light that enters the posterior part of the eyeball Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the vitreous humor in the eye?

To fill the back of the eyeball and maintain its shape Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the retina contains the sensory receptors for vision, the rods and cones?

Photoreceptor layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lens in the eye?

To focus a clear image on the retina Signup and view all the answers

Which cells in the retina are more sensitive to light and are responsible for night vision?

Rods Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nervous system is responsible for sending nerves that come from the brain and leave the cranium through the numerous foramen?

Peripheral nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the myelin sheath?

To insulate and protect nerve fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the meninges in the central nervous system?

To protect and cushion the brain and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

Which sense is responsible for converting vibrations of air molecules into nerve impulses?

Hearing Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of the central nervous system (CNS)?

To coordinate and control the activities of the body Signup and view all the answers

Which one of these is NOT a component of the conjunctiva?

Lacrimal gland Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the ear acts as a funnel to collect sound wave vibrations and direct them to the eardrum?

Pinna Signup and view all the answers

What type of system is the nervous system

Both A and B Signup and view all the answers

Characteristics of the CNS

Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system Signup and view all the answers

Cordlike nerves that link the CNS from the rest of the body

Peripheral nervous system (PNS) Signup and view all the answers

Makes up the Brain and spinal cord

Central Nervous System (CNS) Signup and view all the answers

Functional unit of the nervous system

Neurons Signup and view all the answers

What organs is the the CNS composed of

Brain and spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

Is the PNS somatic or autonomic

Both somatic and autonomic Signup and view all the answers

4 parts of the brain are

Cerebrum, Cerebellum, Diencephalon, Brainstem Signup and view all the answers

Largest component of the brain

Cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

Receives and interprets sensory information

Cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

Initiates conscious nerve impulses to the skeletal muscles

Cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

Integrates neuron activity normally associated with conscious activity

Cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

Allows body to have coordinated movement, balance, posture, and complex reflexes

Cerebellum Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for coordinating movement, balance, and posture?

Cerebellum Signup and view all the answers

What is the pathway between the brain stem and cerebrum called?

Diencephalon Signup and view all the answers

Parts of the diencephalon

Thalamus, Hypothalamus, Pituatary Signup and view all the answers

What are the three layers of connective tissue that surround the brain and spinal cord called?

Dura mater, Arachnoid, Pia mater Signup and view all the answers

Connection between the rest of the brain and the spinal cord

Brainstem Signup and view all the answers

Parts of the brainstem

medulla oblongata, pons, midbrain Signup and view all the answers

Involved in autonomic control functions related to heart, respiration, blood vessel diameter, swallowing, and vomiting

Brainstem Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of the spinal cord

Allows body to have coordinated movement Signup and view all the answers

Increases breathing, increases heart rate, decreases GI secretions, dilates pupil

Sympathetic nervous system Signup and view all the answers

General types of stimuli that can trigger a response from sensory receptors

Thermal, mechanical, electromagnetic, chemical Signup and view all the answers

Which fluid helps protect the brain and spinal cord?

Cerebral Signup and view all the answers

What section of the brain is divided into halves and lobes?

Cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

Sensation of hunger and thirst

Visceral Signup and view all the answers

Located in the hypothalamus

Central temp receptors Signup and view all the answers

Which section of the brain is responsible for processing visual information?

Cerebrum Signup and view all the answers

Can activate mechanisms of sweating or piloerection to to correct hypothermia or hyperthermia

CNS Signup and view all the answers

Taste buds are located in

Papillae Signup and view all the answers

Which sense is responsible for detecting touch and pressure?

Tactile sense Signup and view all the answers

Special senses

Taste, smell, hearing, vision, equilibrium Signup and view all the answers

Most structures of the ear are located in the

temporal bones of the skull Signup and view all the answers

Acts as a funnel to collect soundwave vibrations and direct them to the eardrum

External ear Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the ear converts vibrations of air molecules into nerve impulses?

Cochlea Signup and view all the answers

Amplifies and transmits vibrations from the eardrum to the inner ear

Middle ear Signup and view all the answers

Contains 3 small bones called the malleus, incus, and stapes

Inner ear Signup and view all the answers

Connects middle ear cavity with the pharynx

Eustachian tube Signup and view all the answers

Equalizes air pressure on the two sides of the tympanic membrane

Eustachian tubes Signup and view all the answers

Made up of structures that contribute to both hearing and equilibrium

Inner ear Signup and view all the answers

What is the process called by which the shape of the lens is changed to allow close-up and distant vision?

Accommodation Signup and view all the answers

Which structure produces a waxy substance that helps prevent tears from overflowing onto the face?

Tarsal glands Signup and view all the answers

Where are the corners where the eyelids come together?

Lateral and medial canthus Signup and view all the answers

What is the thin transparent membrane that covers the front portion of the eyeball and lines the interior surfaces of the eyelids?

Conjunctiva Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is the third eyelid of domestic animals located medially between the eyelids and eyeball?

Nictitating membrane Signup and view all the answers

Fluid filled portion of the inner ear that contains the receptor organ for hearing

Organ of Corti Signup and view all the answers

Major layers of the eyeball

Outer fibrous layer, middle vascular layer, inner nervous layer Signup and view all the answers

Admits light to its interior and gives strength and shape to the eyeball

Fibrous layer Signup and view all the answers

Components of the fibrous layer of the eye

Cornea and Sclera Signup and view all the answers

Which bone is attached to the tympanic membrane in the middle ear?

Malleus Signup and view all the answers

Junction between cornea and sclera

Limbus Signup and view all the answers

Highly reflective area in the rear of the eye

Tapetum lucidum Signup and view all the answers

Colored part of the eye

Iris Signup and view all the answers

Ring shaped structure located immediately behind the iris, contains tiny muscles that adjust the shape of the lens for near and far vision

Ciliary body Signup and view all the answers

Is the retina and lines the back of the eye

Inner nervous layer Signup and view all the answers

Contains actual sensory receptors for vision (rods and cones)

Inner nervous layer Signup and view all the answers

Consists of mainly collagen fibers and makes up the majority of the outer fibrous layer

Sclera Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Nervous System Overview

Nervous system includes the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS).
PNS encompasses nerves outside the brain and spinal cord.
CNS is responsible for processing information and initiating responses.

Functions of the Nervous System

Primary functions include sensory input, integration, and motor output.
Role in coordinating bodily functions and responses to internal and external stimuli.
Responsible for involuntary control of smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands.

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Main function: integrates sensory information; generates motor commands.
Composed of the brain and spinal cord.
Contains structures responsible for higher cognitive functions, sensory processing, and movement coordination.

Autonomic Nervous System

Divided into sympathetic and parasympathetic systems.
Sympathetic division mediates the fight or flight response, increasing heart rate and dilating pupils.
Parasympathetic division manages the rest and digest response, enhancing GI motility and reducing heart rate.

Neurons and Impulses

Neurons are the fundamental units, transmitting nerve impulses to muscles and glands.
Myelin sheath insulates axons, speeding up impulse transmission.
Neurotransmitters mediate communication across synapses.

Cranial and Spinal Nerves

Cranial nerves emerge directly from the brain and pass through foramina of the skull.
Spinal nerves emerge from the thoracic and lumbar regions of the spinal cord.

Brain Structure and Function

The cerebellum coordinates movement, balance, and posture.
The diencephalon regulates body temperature and hunger.
The brainstem controls autonomic functions like heart rate and respiration.

Sensory Systems

Special senses include sight, smell, taste, touch, and hearing.
Photoreceptors in the retina detect light; rods for night vision and cones for color.
Taste buds and olfactory receptors detect taste and smell stimuli.

Eye Anatomy

Iris regulates light entry; lens focuses light on the retina.
Vitreous humor maintains eye shape and clarity.
Conjunctiva layers provide protection and lubrication.

Ear Anatomy

Outer ear collects sound waves; middle ear houses ossicles for amplification.
Equilibrium receptors in the inner ear assist in balance.
The tectorial membrane stimulates hair cells, converting sound vibrations to nerve impulses.

Protective Structures

Meninges are three connective tissue layers that protect the brain and spinal cord.
Cerebrospinal fluid cushions the CNS, providing buoyancy and protection.

Homeostasis and Responses

Sudden cardiac arrest necessitates immediate CPR to restore blood flow.
General and visceral senses help detect internal conditions and stimulate reflexive actions.

Additional Information on Temperature Sensors

Superficial sensors detect external temperatures while central sensors monitor internal body temperature.
Nociception refers to the sensory process that allows the perception of pain.

Brain Organization

The brain is divided into lobes, each serving specific functions.
The hypothalamus manages hunger and thirst sensations, linking to homeostatic regulation.

Sensory Receptors and Skin

Mechanoreceptors detect touch and pressure; thermoreceptors monitor temperature changes.
Proprioception refers to the body's awareness of position and movement.

Importance of Timing in Responses

Quick reactions to sensory stimuli can prevent injury or adapt reflexes to environment changes.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the nervous system's anatomy and functions in this quiz. Explore topics such as the central and peripheral nervous systems, neuron anatomy, cranial nerves, and the effects of sympathetic and parasympathetic functions.