18 Questions
What was one of the key reasons for the Crusades?
Securing safe passage for Christian pilgrims to the Holy Land
Who asked Western leaders for help fighting the Muslims, especially at the Council of Clermont?
Emperor Alexius I of the Byzantine Empire
What was the primary goal preached by Pope Urban II to knights, princes, and commoners at the Council of Clermont?
To save Christendom from the infidel Muslims
Which city was a sacred city to both Christians and Muslims with many sacred sights?
Jerusalem
What did Muslim leaders want to achieve by reconquering the Holy Land?
To reconquer the Holy Land in the name of Islam
What did the Crusades primarily involve?
Religious wars between Christians and Muslims
What was Pope Urban II's motivation for calling the first crusade?
To challenge Europeans to fight to reclaim access to the Holy Land
What was the outcome of the 2nd Crusade led by Germany with Conrad III and Louis VII of France?
Defeat at Damascus
Who crushed crusader armies at the Battle of Hattin in 1187?
Saladin
What was the purpose of the 4th crusade?
To seize Egypt and then try to seize the riches of Constantinople
What was a negative impact of the Crusades?
~1 million to 5 million dead
What did many Europeans view Islam as during the Crusades?
A threat to Christendom that needed to be countered
What did Pope Urban II promise to those who went on Crusade?
Absolution (forgiveness of all sins)
What was a positive effect of the Crusades?
Increased trade between the West and the Middle East
Why did many nobles, princes, and commoners fight in the Crusades?
$$$$ (For forgiveness of their sins)
What was a common interpretation by Crusaders regarding their war efforts?
"War against all non-Christians"
"The Muslims viewed the Christians as invaders and infidels" This statement best reflects which perspective?
The Muslim perspective during the Crusades
What was one reason for Pope Urban II's belief in reunification with the Eastern Orthodox Church that did not materialize?
All knights and nobles taking an oath to return all conquered lands to the Byzantine Empire
Explore the class agenda for November 13, 2023, covering the crusading movement and the establishment of communities in the 'Holy Land' near Jerusalem. Understand the reasons behind the European travel to and conquest attempts in the 'Holy Land' through warm-up questions, learning objectives, essential questions, memes, and homework.
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