Solutions and Colligative Properties Calculations

What is a saturated solution?

A solution with the maximum amount of solute dissolved in a given amount of solvent

How does temperature affect the solubility of a solid in a liquid?

Increases if dissolution is exothermic and decreases if dissolution is endothermic

What is an unsaturated solution?

A solution where more solute can be dissolved at the same temperature

Why doesn't pressure have a significant effect on the solubility of solids in liquids?

Solids and liquids are highly incompressible Signup and view all the answers

What determines the solubility of one substance into another?

Nature of the substances, temperature, and pressure Signup and view all the answers

Which principle must a nearly saturated solution follow based on dynamic equilibrium?

Le Chatelier's Principle Signup and view all the answers

According to Raoult's law, what is the relationship between the partial vapour pressure of a component and its mole fraction in a binary liquid solution?

Directly proportional Signup and view all the answers

In a binary liquid solution, if the mole fraction of component 1 increases, what happens to the partial vapour pressure of component 1 according to Raoult's law?

Increases Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the total vapour pressure in a binary liquid solution according to the text?

It indicates the sum of partial pressures of both components Signup and view all the answers

If the partial vapour pressure of component 2 (p2) is known and its mole fraction (x2) increases, what happens to p2 according to Raoult's law?

Increases Signup and view all the answers

What role did Francois Marte Raoult play in understanding binary liquid solutions?

Introduced Raoult's law Signup and view all the answers

How are partial vapour pressures related to mole fractions in a binary liquid solution?

Directly proportional Signup and view all the answers

What is the molality of the glucose solution in Example 1.7?

0.1 mol/kg Signup and view all the answers

What is the boiling point of the solution in Example 1.7?

373.202 K Signup and view all the answers

In Example 1.8, what is the molar mass of the solute being dissolved in benzene?

58 g/mol Signup and view all the answers

What effect does the lowering of vapour pressure in a solution have on the freezing point compared to the pure solvent?

Decreases the freezing point Signup and view all the answers

At what temperature does the freezing point of a substance occur?

When solid phase is equal to liquid phase Signup and view all the answers

What does DTb represent in the context of boiling point elevation?

Elevation in boiling point Signup and view all the answers

What happens when a solution freezes according to Raoult’s law?

Its vapour pressure equals the vapour pressure of the pure solid solvent Signup and view all the answers

How is the freezing point depression (∆Tf) related to molality (m) in ideal solutions?

∆Tf is directly proportional to m Signup and view all the answers

What is Kf in the context of freezing point depression?

Proportionality constant for depression of freezing point Signup and view all the answers

What is the unit of Kf, the Freezing Point Depression Constant?

K kg mol-1 Signup and view all the answers

If a solute produces a depression in freezing point ∆Tf, what equation relates this to the molality of the solute?

$m = rac{w1}{w2} imes M2$ Signup and view all the answers

What is the freezing point depression of the solution in the first example?

2.2 K Signup and view all the answers

In the second example, what is the freezing point depression constant of benzene?

5.12 K kg mol-1 Signup and view all the answers

Based on the given information, what is the molality of ethylene glycol used in the solution?

1.2 mol kg-1 Signup and view all the answers

What is the freezing point of the aqueous solution in the first example?

270.95 K Signup and view all the answers

In osmosis, why does the level of solution rise in the thistle funnel?

Due to the movement of solvent molecules across a semi-permeable membrane Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood cells when suspended in saline water?

They collapse Signup and view all the answers