43 Questions
What is the primary mode of transportation for hormones in the endocrine system?
Bloodstream
Which category do amines and peptides fall into for hormones?
Amino acids
What is the primary function of the endocrine system in maintaining homeostasis?
Slow acting hormones
Where can hormones be found in the body?
All over the body
Which hormone stimulates blood cell production in the bone marrow?
Erythropoietin
What does osteocalcin stimulate?
Insulin production
Which hormone inhibits calcitriol?
Fibroblast growth factor 23
What does cholecalciferol, produced by the skin, convert to in the kidneys?
Calcitriol
What is the role of cyclic adenosine phosphate (cAMP) as a second messenger?
It activates protein kinases to start phosphorylation
What is the effect of downregulation in response to lots of stimulation in cells?
The number of receptors decreases
Which hormone is commonly known as vasopressin?
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
What is the role of the hypothalamus and pituitary gland in the endocrine system?
They secrete a lot of hormones and stimulate secretion of hormones from other glands
What effect does growth hormone (GH) have on the body?
Promotes protein synthesis and tissue building
What is the main function of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus?
Regulates thyroid activity
What is the function of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in the body?
Causes the adrenal cortex to produce corticosteroid hormones
What is the role of Gonadatropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus?
Signals the anterior pituitary to release gonadotropins
What happens if a certain amount of hormone or drug is floating in the blood?
The number of receptors decreases due to lots of stimulation
What is the main role of phosphodiesterase (PDE) in relation to cAMP?
Turns off cAMP quickly so that cells only continue to react if more hormones are produced
Which statement best describes lipid soluble hormones?
They connect with a hormone receptor in the cell to cause a change
Which hormone activates lactation in women and the development of mammary glands if pregnant?
Prolactin
What stimulates the production of melanin in response to UV light?
Melanin-releasing hormone (MRH)
Which gland is anterior to the trachea and resembles a butterfly?
Thyroid gland
What is the center of hormone production in the thyroid gland?
Colloid
What hormone connects to receptors to allow iodide ions to travel across cell membranes?
Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
How are tryiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) secreted into the bloodstream?
By binding to albumin or other plasma proteins
What is the main function of the parathyroid gland?
Secretion of parathyroid hormone (PH)
Which hormone decreases blood calcium levels?
Calcitonin
Which part of the adrenal glands produces mineralocorticoids, glucocorticoids, and androgens?
Adrenal cortex
What does aldosterone, the most common mineralocorticoid, do?
Increases sodium levels
What does cortisol, the most common glucocorticoid, do?
Increases blood glucose levels
What hormones are produced by the adrenal medulla?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine
Which hormone inhibits the release of both insulin and glucagon?
Somatostatin
What is the primary role of cholecystokinin (CCK) in the gastrointestinal tract?
Promoting bile production
Which hormone is responsible for promoting the release of hydrochloric acid in the stomach in response to stomach distention?
Gastrin
What is the function of human placental lactogen (hPL) produced by the placenta?
Preparing the breasts for lactation
What hormone does the heart produce in response to atrial stretch and increased blood pressure?
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
What is the primary role of relaxin produced by the placenta?
Softening pubic symphysis for easier childbirth
Which hormone is responsible for regulating the menstrual cycle and maintenance of pregnancy?
Progesterone
What is the primary function of calcitriol in the body?
Activating vitamin D
Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the release of bicarbonate to buffer acidic chyme and inhibiting hydrochloric acid production in the gastrointestinal tract?
Secretin
What kind of cells make up 20% of each islet and produce glucagon?
Alpha cells
What is the primary role of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) produced by the placenta?
Protecting the fetus from immune rejection
What process involves breaking down stored triglycerides into free fatty acids or glycerol?
Lipolysis
This quiz covers the hormones involved in controlling reproductive activity and the end of reproduction in women, including gonadotropins like FSH and LH, as well as the role of prolactin in lactation and mammary gland development. It also touches on the function of prolactin-inhibiting hormone (PIH) and melanin-releasing hormone (MRH).
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