Register Transfer Language and Micro Operations

Registers in Computer Systems

• A MAR (Memory Address Register) holds the memory address of data that is to be written to or read from memory.
• A PC (Program Counter) holds the memory address of the next instruction to be fetched.

Loading of Registers

• Registers are typically loaded in parallel, where all bits of the register are loaded simultaneously.
• Parallel loading is used when a register needs to be loaded with a data value, such as when an input value is being loaded into a register.

Clock Generator

• A master clock generator produces a timing signal that synchronizes the operations of the digital system.

Register Operations

• Input values in a register get loaded when a clock pulse is applied, and the register is enabled to load.
• A micro operation is a basic operation that can be performed on a register, such as loading, storing, or shifting.

Register Transfer Language

• The transfer of information from one register to another is represented in Register Transfer Language (RTL) using an arrow symbol, e.g., R1 → R2.
• An n-bit register consists of n flip-flops, each capable of storing a 0 or a 1.

Register Transfer

• A hardware capability necessary for a register transfer to occur is a set of wires, known as a bus, that interconnects the registers.

Register Notation

• Computer registers are typically denoted by a letter, such as R, followed by a number, e.g., R1, R2, etc.

Sequencing Microoperations

• The symbolic notation used to specify the sequence of microoperations is called a microprogram.

Explore the concept of micro operations, which are elementary operations performed on data stored in registers, such as shift, count, clear, and load. Learn about register transfer language, a symbolic notation used to specify the sequence of microoperations.