47 Questions
What is the correct sequence from the tip of a primary root back towards its base?
Root cap; Apical meristem; Zone of cellular division; Zone of cellular elongation; Zone of cellular maturation
What is the function of the Apical meristems?
Primary growth of stems
Which type of animals have 3 embryonic tissues that develop into distinct tissues, organs, and organ systems?
Triploblastic animals
What is the main difference between a coelom and a pseudocoelom?
A coelom is enclosed by mesodermal tissues on the inside and the outside; a pseudocoelom is surrounded by mesodermal tissues on the outside only.
Why is locomotion important for animals?
To alter body shape and control movements precisely
Which of the following is the main function of apical meristems in plants?
B. Generate new cells for growth and control the developmental phases of plants
What can you conclude about a plant that has vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem cross section?
C. It is probably a monocot
What type of cells are loosely packed, with thin cell walls and numerous chloroplasts in leaf cross sections?
A. Parenchyma
Do monocots have secondary growth?
B. No, they do not have secondary growth
Which type of growth is primary and secondary growth?
Indeterminate growth
What is the function of dermal tissue in plants?
Protecting the plant from external factors
Which of the following is NOT a major type of cell found in ground tissue?
Vascular cambium cells
Where is the vascular cambium located and what is its function?
In the stem, responsible for conducting water and nutrients
Which of the following best describes the main difference between a coelom and a pseudocoelom?
A coelom is enclosed by mesodermal tissues on the inside and the outside; a pseudocoelom is surrounded by mesodermal tissues on the outside only.
Which type of animal lacks a fluid-filled body cavity (coelom)?
Acoelomate
What is the term for the ability of a cell to differentiate into other cell types?
Cell potency
What are the three embryonic tissues (germ layers) found in triploblastic animals?
Ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm
Which of the following is NOT a topic covered in the Biology Department Seminars?
Quiz 1
What is the main focus of the lecture on Wednesdays at 4 pm?
Plant Form & Function
Which of the following is NOT a tissue system in plants?
Meristem
What is the function of the Root Apical Meristem?
Cellular division to grow the root length and form lateral roots
Where do lateral roots originate from in eudicot and monocot roots?
Pericycle
What type of growth is associated with Apical meristems?
Primary growth
Which type of growth is indeterminate and can result in an increase in length or height of a plant?
Primary growth
What is the function of the vascular cambium in plants?
To produce new xylem and phloem cells
What are the three major types of cells found in ground tissue?
Parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma
What is the difference between primary and secondary growth in plants?
Primary growth occurs at the apical meristems, while secondary growth occurs at the lateral meristems
What is the main function of dermal tissue in plants?
To protect the plant from water loss and pathogens
What are the functions of each plant organ?
Shoot: photosynthesis; Root: absorption of water and nutrients
Which of the following is the main function of apical meristems in plants?
B. Generate new cells for growth and control the developmental phases of plants.
What can you conclude about a plant that has vascular bundles scattered throughout the stem cross section?
D. It could be either a young eudicot or a monocot.
What type of cells are loosely packed, with thin cell walls and numerous chloroplasts in leaf cross sections?
A. Parenchyma
Do monocots have secondary growth?
B. No
What is the function of the Apical meristems?
B. Generate new cells for growth and control the developmental phases of plants.
Where is the vascular cambium located and what is its function?
C. It is located in the stem and its function is to produce secondary xylem and phloem.
Which of the following is a characteristic that distinguishes animals from bacteria, archaea, and most protists?
Multicellular
What is the main difference between a coelom and a pseudocoelom?
A coelom is enclosed by mesodermal tissues on the inside and the outside; a pseudocoelom is surrounded by mesodermal tissues on the outside only.
What is determinate growth?
A growth pattern where growth of an organism or organ ceases when an adult state is reached; characteristic of most animals.
What are the three embryonic tissues (germ layers) found in triploblastic animals?
Ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm
What is the function of the Apical meristems in plants?
To produce new cells for primary growth in roots and shoots
Which type of animals lack a fluid-filled body cavity (coelom)?
Acoelomates
Which type of animals have 3 embryonic tissues that develop into distinct tissues, organs, and organ systems?
Triploblastic animals
What is the main difference between a coelom and a pseudocoelom?
A coelom is enclosed by mesodermal tissues on the inside and the outside; a pseudocoelom is surrounded by mesodermal tissues on the outside only.
Why is locomotion important for animals?
All of the above
What are the three types of skeletons found in animals?
Hydrostatic skeleton, exoskeleton, and endoskeleton
What are some other uses of appendages in animals?
Antennae for sensing the environment, claws and mouth parts for capturing prey or chewing food, reproduction and respiration
What is the main function of dermal tissue in plants?
Support and protection
Study Notes
Root Anatomy and Growth
- Primary root growth proceeds from the tip to the base, where the root apical meristem is located at the tip.
- Apical meristems facilitate primary growth, allowing roots and shoots to elongate.
- Indeterminate growth is associated with apical meristems, leading to continued length or height increase.
Animal Development
- Triploblastic animals possess three embryonic tissues: ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm, leading to distinct tissue, organ, and organ system development.
- Animals lacking a true coelom are known as acoelomates.
Coeloms
- The main difference between coelom and pseudocoelom lies in the embryonic origin and structural support; coeloms provide a true body cavity lined by mesoderm, while pseudocoeloms are not completely enclosed.
- Animals with pseudocoeloms are typically roundworms.
Plant Tissue Systems
- Dermal tissue functions as a protective layer for plants.
- Vascular cambium, located between xylem and phloem, is responsible for secondary growth and increases stem girth.
- Ground tissue consists of three main cell types: parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma.
Vascular Bundles
- Scattered vascular bundles in plant stem cross-section indicate a monocot structure.
- Monocots do not exhibit secondary growth, unlike dicots, which do.
Locomotion and Skeletons in Animals
- Locomotion is vital for finding food, escaping predators, and reproduction.
- Animals showcase three types of skeletons: hydrostatic, exoskeletal, and endoskeletal.
- Appendages in animals serve various purposes, including movement, grasping, and sensing the environment.
Cell Differentiation
- The ability of a cell to differentiate into other cell types is crucial for the development and specialization of tissues.
- Determinate growth refers to growth that stops after reaching a certain size, often seen in certain plant organs.
Leaf Structure
- Parenchyma cells are characterized by their loose packing, thin walls, and abundance of chloroplasts, facilitating photosynthesis.
Seminar Focus
- Specific seminar topics and the main focus of lectures, such as those held Wednesdays at 4 pm, aid in the integration of knowledge in biological sciences.
Summary
- Understanding the distinctive characteristics, functions, and developmental processes in both plants and animals is essential for comprehending biological diversity and ecology.
Test your knowledge on plant growth and anatomy with this quiz! Explore topics such as primary and secondary growth, plant body, surface area to volume relationships, tissue systems and cell types, and more. Perfect for biology students and plant enthusiasts.
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