Philippine Historiography: Detecting Historical Forgery

PRIMARY SOURCE are those produced at the same time as the ______, period or subject being studied.

SECONDARY SOURCE are those sources used by the author who used primary sources to produce the ______.

EXAMPLE OF PRIMARY SOURCE: Photographs that may reflect social conditions of historical realities and ______ life.

Cartoons for political expression or ______.

Material evidence of prehistoric past like cave drawings, old ______ and charts.

Oral history or recordings by electronic means of accounts of eyewitness or participants; the recordings are then ______ and used for research.

Cases of forgery and mislabeling are common in Philippine __________.

One example is the discovery of Ambeth Ocampo of the alleged draft of Rizal’s third novel, the __________.

The stacks of writings were labeled Borrador Del Noli Me __________.

The story of Roman Roque who allegedly forged the signature of Gen. Urbano Lacuna that led to the captivity of Gen. Emilio __________.

Historians should be able to conduct external and internal criticism of the source, especially of the sources which can age in __________.

EXTERNAL CRITICISM: The practice of verifying the authenticity of the evidence by examining its physical characteristics, consistency with the historical characteristics of the time when it was produced, and the materials used for the evidence. Type of ink __________ used.

One of the scandalous cases of deception in Philippine history is the hoax _____ of Kalantiaw

Ferdinand Marcos claimed that he was a decorated World War II soldier who led a guerilla unit called 'Ang Maharlika'. This claim was disproven when historians counterchecked Marcos's claim with the war records of the United States. This shows how _____ can propagate without rigorous historical research

Historians examine the circumstances of production and truthfulness of evidence by looking at the author of the source, its context, the agenda behind its creation, the knowledge which informed it, and intended purposes to determine its _____

The document known as the Code of Kalantiaw was regarded as an important precolonial document until _____

Students of history widely believed Ferdinand Marcos's claim about leading a guerilla unit called 'Ang Maharlika' because he had _____ to show

Historians select the most relevant and meaningful historical sources for the subject matter they are studying through rigorous historical _____