Phases of Globalization History

Globalization Theories

• The optimistic thesis believes that globalization stems from a basic human urge to seek a better and more fulfilling life.

Cycles of Globalization

• The cyclical thesis emphasizes that cycles of globalization are more important than finding a single point of origin.
• The multiphase thesis suggests that there is no singular point of origin for globalization.
• The event-driven thesis believes that globalization has been driven by significant events.

Phases of Globalization

• The multiphase thesis is associated with the belief that globalization has led to cycles rather than a single phase.
• The phased thesis acknowledges the importance of phases in the process of globalization.

Phases of Globalization Timeline

Archaic Phase

• Characterized by agricultural and urban revolutions, migrations, increased trade, and ancient empires growing out of Eurasia.

Proto-Globalization Phase

• Saw the emergence of improvements in productivity and technology throughout East and South Asia, along with the development of the silk routes.

Early Modern Phase

• Trade expanded across the Atlantic Ocean and into the Americas.

Take-Off Phase

• Key development marked the Take-Off Phase.
• Characterized by war (WW II) and disputes over globalization process.

Early 20th Century Phase

• The Euro-Atlantic economy developed through industrialization and colonial division of labor.

Late 20th Century Phase

• MNC's and global value chains emerged throughout the US, Europe, and Japan, and the Cold War ended.
• Characterized by disputes like the Cold War.

Post-Cold War Phase

• Saw the end of the Cold War and bipolarity.
• The League of Nations was implemented.

Origin of Globalization

• The event of the ancient caravan trade in the Middle East can be seen as the origin of globalization according to a specific view.