12 Questions
What nutrients do humans need from a balanced diet?
Carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, mineral ions, fiber, and water
Why are proteins important in the diet?
Proteins are essential for growth and tissue repair.
What is the function of vitamin C in the body?
Vitamin C is crucial for healthy skin and gums.
What role does vitamin D play in the body?
Vitamin D aids in calcium absorption for strong bones.
Why is fiber important in the diet?
Fiber helps with digestion and is found in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.
What is the process of physical digestion?
Physical digestion involves breaking down food without chemical change by the teeth, stomach walls squeezing food to liquefy it, and bile aiding in emulsification of fats.
Where is amylase produced and where does it act in the digestive system?
Produced in the salivary glands and pancreas, acting in the mouth and duodenum
What is the role of hydrochloric acid in gastric juice?
Provides an acidic pH for enzyme activity
Which enzyme breaks down fats to fatty acids and glycerol in the duodenum?
Lipase
What is the main function of bile in digestion?
Emulsifies fats
Where does absorption of digested food molecules mainly occur?
Small intestine
How is the ileum adapted for absorption?
Containing millions of villi and microvilli to increase surface area for efficient absorption
Study Notes
- Humans need different nutrients from a balanced diet for survival, including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, mineral ions, fiber, and water.
- Carbohydrates provide energy for cell respiration, fats are for long-term energy storage and insulation, proteins are essential for growth and tissue repair.
- Vitamin C is crucial for healthy skin and gums, while vitamin D aids in calcium absorption for strong bones; mineral ions like calcium and iron are also necessary for nutrition.
- Fiber helps with digestion and is found in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, while water is essential for cellular reactions and can be obtained from both drinks and food.
- The digestive system breaks down food into smaller molecules for nutrient absorption, involving organs like the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, and anus.
- Associated organs of the digestive system include the salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder, with functions like ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and ejection of nutrients.
- Physical digestion involves breaking down food without chemical change by the teeth, stomach walls squeezing food to liquefy it, and bile aiding in emulsification of fats to increase surface area for chemical digestion.
Learn about the essential nutrients needed in a balanced diet for human survival, including carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water. Explore the organs and functions of the digestive system responsible for breaking down food into smaller molecules for nutrient absorption.
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