38 Questions
Which division of the nervous system is responsible for sending nerve impulses to slow the heart's rate of contraction?
Parasympathetic division
Which division of the nervous system is likely to send nerve impulses carrying information about cool temperatures on the skin to the brain?
Sensory (afferent) division
Which division of the nervous system sends nerve impulses to direct movement in skeletal muscles?
Somatic nervous system
To which division of the nervous system do the nerve fibers of the optic nerve (Cranial nerve II) most likely belong?
Sensory (afferent) division
What do ependymal cells do in the CNS?
Circulate cerebrospinal fluid
Where are bipolar neurons commonly found?
Retina of the eye
What is the function of acetylcholine in the nervous system?
Innervate skeletal muscle as an excitatory neurotransmitter
What is the absolute refractory period of a neuron?
The period after an initial stimulus when a neuron is not sensitive to another stimulus
What happens if neurons lose the function of acetylcholine esterase?
Inability to destroy and remove acetylcholine from the synaptic cleft
What do collections of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system form?
Ganglia
What is the role of motor fibers in the nervous system?
Conduct nerve impulses to smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
What type of neurons convey information from somatic receptors and special senses to the CNS?
Sensory neurons
What determines the stimulus strength in the CNS?
Frequency of action potentials
What is the integrative function of the nervous system?
Analyzing sensory information, storing information, and making decisions
What is the role of voltage-gated channels in neurons?
Participate in the generation and conduction of action potentials
Do neurons have extreme longevity and are they mitotic?
No, they do not have extreme longevity and are not mitotic
What is the principal inhibitory neurotransmitter of the spinal cord?
Glycine
What is responsible for propelling cellular components along microtubules?
Axonal transport
What reflects the time required for neurotransmitter release, diffusion across the synaptic cleft, and binding to receptors?
Synaptic delay
What conducts impulses from the CNS to skeletal muscles?
Somatic nervous system
What do astrocytes do in the brain?
Change the permeability of capillaries
What do microglial cells in the CNS become to phagocytize invading microbes and neuronal debris?
Macrophages
What type of potential describes short distance depolarization?
Excitatory postsynaptic potential
What plays a role in emotional behavior and helps regulate the biological clock?
Biogenic amine neurotransmitters
What moves across excitable living membranes, and can open in response to electrical potential changes?
Ions
What is the interior surface of a neuron's plasma membrane like at resting membrane potential?
Has a negative charge and contains less sodium
What happens when a motor neuron in the body is stimulated?
The impulse would spread bidirectionally
When can a second nerve impulse be generated?
After the membrane potential has been reestablished
Which cells are responsible for regulating the concentration of ions in the chemical environment surrounding neurons?
Astrocytes
Which cells are primarily responsible for aiding in the regeneration of damaged nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system?
Schwann cells
Which cells are responsible for guiding the formation of synapses between newly developed neurons and other neurons?
Astrocytes
Which cells are most responsible for removing bacterial infections that cause meningitis in the central nervous system?
Microglia
Which aspect of an action potential is best illustrated by the opening of voltage-gated sodium ion channels due to a threshold stimulus, causing further depolarization?
Positive feedback
What allows for the one-way transmission of action potential down the axon, limits the frequency of action potentials, and stops the depolarization of the axon membrane?
Closing of inactivation gates in voltage-gated sodium ion channels
During which period of an action potential is a larger than normal stimulus needed to cause another action potential due to the voltage-gated potassium ion channels remaining open long enough to hyperpolarize the axon membrane?
Relative refractory period
What does spatial summation imply?
The postsynaptic cell has many synapses with many presynaptic neurons, leading to stimulation to threshold
What does temporal summation imply?
A presynaptic neuron is sending frequent EPSP, leading to stimulation to threshold in the postsynaptic cell
What is the likely result of acetylcholine acting in an excitatory manner?
Opening of chemically gated sodium channels on the postsynaptic cell
Study Notes
Neuroscience Multiple Choice Questions Summary
- The sensory (afferent) division, somatic nervous system, sympathetic division, and parasympathetic division are components of the nervous system.
- Astrocytes are responsible for regulating the concentration of ions in the chemical environment surrounding neurons.
- Schwann cells are primarily responsible for aiding in the regeneration of damaged nerve fibers in the peripheral nervous system.
- Astrocytes are responsible for guiding the formation of synapses between newly developed neurons and other neurons.
- Microglia are cells most responsible for removing bacterial infections that cause meningitis in the central nervous system.
- Neurons have many mitochondria, extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum, and clusters of ribosomes, indicating a high demand for ATP, oxygen consumption, and protein production, but a relatively stable internal environment.
- An action potential's positive feedback aspect is best illustrated by the opening of voltage gated sodium ion channels due to a threshold stimulus, causing further depolarization.
- The closing of inactivation gates in voltage gated sodium ion channels during the depolarization phase of an action potential allows for the one-way transmission of action potential down the axon, limits the frequency of action potentials, and stops the depolarization of the axon membrane.
- During the relative refractory period of an action potential, a larger than normal stimulus is needed to cause another action potential due to the voltage gated potassium ion channels remaining open long enough to hyperpolarize the axon membrane.
- Spatial summation implies that the postsynaptic cell has many synapses with many presynaptic neurons, leading to stimulation to threshold.
- Temporal summation implies that a presynaptic neuron is sending frequent EPSP, leading to stimulation to threshold in the postsynaptic cell.
- Acetylcholine acting in an excitatory manner likely results in the opening of chemically gated sodium channels on the postsynaptic cell.
Test your knowledge of neuroscience with these multiple-choice questions covering topics such as nervous system components, neuron function, action potential, synaptic transmission, and neurotransmitters. See how well you understand key concepts in neuroscience with this quiz.
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