Neurological Disorders & Head Injuries: Components of the Nervous System

What neurotransmitter is associated with learning and memory, as well as its involvement in Alzheimer’s disease?

Which neurotransmitter is linked to Parkinson’s disease and schizophrenia?

What neurotransmitter is connected to depression, aggression, and schizophrenia?

Which neurotransmitter is known for its role in anxiety and epilepsy?

What is the 'Gate Keeper' that regulates incoming and outgoing signaling within the brain?

What plasmalike liquid fills the space between the arachnoid and pia mater layers to provide cushion and support?

What is the main function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Which type of cells in the nervous system are responsible for protecting neurons from pathogens?

Why can neurons not be replaced if they are damaged?

Which part of the nervous system controls the changes required for the 'feed or breed' response?

In which type of nervous system do severed nerves have a better chance of reestablishing connections after injury?

What is the primary function of neural tissue in the body?

What is the function of the Dura Mater in the skull?

Which part of the skull may hemorrhage during severe head trauma?

What are the lobes contained in the Middle Fossa of the skull?

Which layer of the meninges is described as a fragile web-like structure?

What is the calculation for cerebral perfusion pressures (CPP)?

What is considered the normal range for Cerebral Perfusion Pressures (CPP)?

What is the function of the Trigeminal Cranial Nerve?

Which Cranial Nerve is primarily associated with hearing and balance?

What is the main function of the Oculomotor Cranial Nerve?

Which space is located between the dura mater and the outside of the brain?

Which cranial nerve is involved in the movement of the eyeball?

What is a common function of the Glossopharyngeal Cranial Nerve?

What is the medical emergency status of Transient Ischemic Attacks (TIA)?

What is the cause of Hemorrhagic Stroke?

Which symptom is typically associated with Hemorrhagic Stroke?

What does AVM stand for in the context of strokes?

What does the Cincinnati Stroke Scale help identify?

How does the Los Angeles Motor Scale aid in stroke assessment?

What is being assessed when a patient is asked to show their teeth (smile) in the RACE score?

In the RACE score, how is the Arm Motor Function assessed by extending the patient's arm?

What does the RACE score evaluate by extending the leg of the patient?

How is moderate Facial Palsy described in the RACE score?

Which part of the RACE score evaluates eye movements and cephalic deviation?

What is the most common type of ischemic stroke described in the text?

What is the main cause of an Embolic Cerebral Embolism as mentioned in the text?

In the context of Cerebrovascular Accidents (CVA), what is the pathophysiological result of hemorrhagic strokes?

What is the primary consequence of continued blockage in cases of ischemic strokes due to thrombosis or emboli?

Which condition serves as a warning sign for a possible Stroke, according to the text?

What are the risk factors associated with Thrombotic Cerebral Thrombosis, as stated in the text?

What is the sensitivity rate of the BE FAST assessment in identifying Large Vessel Occlusions?

How long after the Last Known Well Time is the treatment window for Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) according to the text?

Which medication is recommended for treating Ischemic Stroke according to the text?

What is the primary risk factor for Bell’s Palsy mentioned in the text?

For Hemorrhagic Stroke, which procedure involves filling an aneurysm with coils to prevent bleeding?

What is the main treatment approach for Bell’s Palsy as mentioned in the text?

What type of injury occurs when the brain strikes the inner surface of the skull opposite the primary impact?

What is the primary cause of increased Intracranial Pressures (ICP) as per the Monro-Kellie Hypothesis?

Which type of hematoma occurs between the dura layers and is characterized by the symptom 'worst headache of my life'?

What kind of injury involves shearing, stretching, or tearing of nerve fibers?

What is the crucial factor for good outcomes in patients with Diffuse Axonal Injury?

What is the outcome of patients with Diffuse Axonal Injury considered to be?

What are the three components of Cushing's Triad that indicate brain herniation?

Which solution is used in severe cases of brain injury to help reduce intracranial pressure?

What is the goal for systolic blood pressures in traumatic brain injuries?

Why should Dextrose IV solutions be avoided in traumatic brain injuries?

What is the target Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) for traumatic brain injuries?

Why is hyperventilation indicated in traumatic brain injuries only for herniation?

What is the effect of increased carbon dioxide levels on cerebral blood vessels?

What is the outcome of an incomplete spinal cord injury known as Anterior cord syndrome?

Which level of spinal cord injury is usually fatal?

What is a consequence of low carbon dioxide levels on blood flow?

Why is it important to manage the airway in cases of spinal cord injury?

What type of hemorrhage is characterized by a lucid period and is arterial in nature?

Which type of brain injury has the highest percentage of patients presenting to the ER, with most making uneventful recoveries?

What is the primary neurological assessment tool mentioned in the text that helps evaluate neurological function following brain injury?

Which type of hemorrhage occurs between the tough mother and cobweb mother and is more common, accounting for 30% of severe brain injuries?

For a patient with a GCS score of 10, what level of brain injury category does this score typically fall under according to the text?

Which part of the skull may hemorrhage during severe head trauma, located above the 'tough mother' mentioned in the text?

What is the primary medication used to treat Parkinson's Disease?

Which of the following types of medications can induce Parkinsonism?

What is the characteristic symptom of meningitis?

Which class of medications is implicated in inducing Serotonin Syndrome?

What is the main cause of bacterial or viral meningitis?

What is the primary pathophysiological mechanism of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?

In the context of seizure management, which medication is commonly used for its antiseizure properties and not typically for its sedative effects?

What distinguishes Myasthenia Gravis from other autoimmune disorders?

Which factor contributes to the deadliness of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)?

What is a common sign that would necessitate ventilator support in individuals with Myasthenia Gravis?

What is the primary cause of neurogenic shock as mentioned in the text?

Which symptom is not typically associated with neuro storms?

What is the function of betablockers in the management of spine injuries?

What is the primary treatment for neurogenic shock according to the text?

Which condition is characterized by a 'loss of sensation and reflexes below the injury site'?

What is the common cause of epilepsy as mentioned in the text?

What is the pathophysiological process that leads to the development of hydrocephalus in meningitis?

Which sign is used to assess resistance to painful knee extension in Kernig's sign?

What is the most serious form of Spina Bifida where both meninges and spinal cord protrude through an opening in the vertebral column?

In cerebral palsy, what is the primary cause of bilateral paralysis resulting from inadequate blood or oxygen supply to the brain?

Which symptom is a characteristic sign of meningitis indicating neck stiffness?

What is the reflex response when pressure is applied to the cheeks in Brudzinski's sign?

Which autoimmune condition is characterized by symptoms progressing from distal to proximal and typically does not affect cardiac muscles?

What is the main feature of Multiple Sclerosis caused by the release of lymphokines and cytokines?

Which neurological disorder involves a degenerative process affecting dopaminergic neurons in the basal ganglia?

What distinguishes Guillain-Barre Syndrome from Multiple Sclerosis in terms of muscle paralysis?

Which condition causes damage to nerve cells and targets muscles in the body, leading to poor speech and dysphagia?

What distinguishes Guillain-Barre Syndrome from Parkinson's Disease in terms of progression and duration of symptoms?