Network Protocols Overview

What is the purpose of the 'ipconfig' command in Windows?

Which command in Windows is used to list the contents of a directory?

What is the purpose of a default gateway in networking?

What is the main function of ARP in TCP/IP?

What does the 'arp -a' command do in networking?

What does Wireshark's Promiscuous Mode do?

Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for making a connection with the source destination host while reliably sending packets over the network?

If a computer attempts to ping a machine not on the local LAN without a default gateway set, what error message is returned?

What does TCP maintain during the three phases: connection setup, data transmission, and connection termination?

What type of message does HTTP use to signify that an image was successfully transferred to the client?

What does the ARP reply send to the device that is sending the ARP request?

Which PDU is associated with the physical layer of the OSI model?

What happens to the TTL value when a packet traverses a router?

What is the purpose of media converters in networking?

What are the flags set in each segment of the three-way handshake in TCP communication?

What is a drawback of the host-based architecture?

Which architecture leverages workstation processing?

In the Session Layer, which mode of communication allows both ends to communicate simultaneously?

What is a benefit of Peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture?

Which communication protocol is used for sending and receiving email messages?

What is a drawback of the client/server architecture?

Which architecture is best suited for a collaborative environment where peers trust each other?

What benefit does Cloud computing/N-tier architecture offer in terms of scalability?

What issue is faced when using Peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture due to the lack of a central authority?

What type of network topology is characterized by connecting all devices via a single cable running in one direction?

In a ring topology, if one node fails or bandwidth exceeds its capacity, what happens to the network?

Which network topology arranges devices in a web-like structure of interconnected nodes?

What is the general rule regarding network ports to enhance security?

Which port number is commonly used for HTTPS communication?

Which architecture type involves a large mainframe computer performing all functions with terminals enabling user interactions?

What is the consequence of data flooding in a mesh network?

Which port is associated with the Domain Name Service (DNS)?

How does a star network topology handle failure compared to other topologies?

'Client/server' architecture distinguishes itself by having which key component?

What is the main purpose of Network Address Translation (NAT)?

Which sublayer in the OSI model is responsible for controlling access to the physical transmission medium?

What protocol is commonly used in Ethernet networks to avoid collisions when multiple devices attempt to transmit simultaneously?

What does the Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer provide in the OSI model?

What are the 6 components of a structured wire system?

Which network topology is characterized by computers connected in a closed circle?

What type of network connection requires line-of-sight known as the Fresnel Zone?

Where does a patch panel usually reside in a networking setup?

What characteristic distinguishes a local area network (LAN) from a wide area network (WAN)?

"Token Ring" is an example of what kind of protocol?

What is the main difference between TCP and UDP?

Which protocol is used for error reporting, diagnostics, and exchanging control messages in a network?

What is the purpose of a patch panel in a network?

In the context of networking devices, what does port density refer to?

What does static routing involve?

What is encapsulation in networking?

What happens when an Ethernet broadcast frame is received on a LAN?

What was ARPANET known for?

What does HTTPS provide that HTTP doesn't, in terms of security?

What type of cable is used for direct device-to-device connections?

What is the main difference between circuit-switched and packet-switched communication?

In terms of network technology, what is the primary function of a router?

How does a switch differ from a router in a network environment?

Why is IP-based communication essential for interconnected networks in large geographical areas?

What is the key difference between the OSI Model and the TCP/IP Model?

How do data packets travel from a source to a destination in an IP-based network?

Which Layer is responsible for 'optionally encrypting' application layer data and ensuring data is presented in a readable format?

What is the primary function of SOCKS protocol?

What distinguishes IPv6 from IPv4?

Which IEEE standard defines physical layer and MAC sub-layer for wired Ethernet networks?

What does TLS use to encrypt connections between nodes?

What is the function of L2TP protocol?

'Upper layer protocols may need to define and maintain persistent connections' primarily refers to which layer of the OSI model?

'IEEE 802.3 Standard 1000Base-LX' is associated with which type of Ethernet connection medium?

'Web Browser' was first introduced by whom as part of a new protocol?

CMD is a command used to change the default gateway in Windows.

Wireshark captures all network packets passing through the interface in Stealth Mode.

ARP reply opcode is 2.

The MAC address is formatted in decimal digits separated by commas.

Ping is an ICMP request that echoes the request/reply of the target host.

The 'dir' command in Windows lists the contents of a directory.

Switches operate at Layer 3 of the OSI model.

IP-based communication primarily relies on software tools like TCP and UDP.

Packet-switched networks are more susceptible to latency compared to circuit-switched networks.

The TCP/IP model has more layers than the OSI model.

Routers are responsible for forwarding data packets between devices on the same network.

In IP-based networks, data packets are exchanged without any source or destination information.

SOCKS protocol is primarily used for email server communication.

IPv6 has a shorter address length compared to IPv4.

IEEE 802.3 Standard 100Base-TX uses optical fiber as the transmission medium.

L2TP operates at Layer 5 of the OSI model.

RPC is used to support remote procedure calls between processes on the same computer.

Client/server architecture always relies on a mainframe computer to perform all functions.

TLS uses symmetric cryptography for encrypting connections between nodes.

Cloud computing/N-tier architecture is less complex to code for distributed infrastructure compared to other architectures.

IMAP protocol stores emails locally on the client device.

Peer-to-peer (P2P) architecture always requires a central authority to manage data sharing.

IEEE 802.3 Standard 1000Base-SX uses single-mode fiber for Ethernet connections.

The Session Layer allows only simplex communication between applications/computers.

H.254 is a call control protocol used in multimedia communication.

The Application Layer (Layer 7) does not provide network services directly to end-users through a user interface.

TLS ensures data is presented in a readable format at the Transport Layer.

DHCP is a protocol used for sending and receiving email messages between message transfer agents.

FTP is used to handle streaming media on a network.

RTP is primarily used to control multimedia communication using networks.

IPSEC protocol is used for encrypting communication on a Virtual Private Network (VPN).

The H.254-H.254 protocol is a common session layer communication protocol.

In a bus topology, if the central node fails, the entire network will fail.

Ring topology allows data to travel in only one direction.

Mesh topology ensures that data packets are always transmitted through the most efficient route to reach the destination.

Host-based architecture involves the server performing data storage, data access, processing logic, and user interface functions.

The TCP Service File Transport Protocol (FTP) data/FTP command uses Port 20/22.

UDP Service Simple Network Management Protocol (SNMP) uses Port 160.

TCP/UDP Service Lightweight Directory Access Protocol (LDAP) uses Port 389.

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) allows multiple nodes to send data simultaneously in a ring topology.

The Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer in the OSI model is responsible for controlling physical transmission medium access.

Mesh topology is not cost-effective for Managed Service Providers because it requires frequent addition of cables to expand the network.

A TCP header includes fields for source port, destination port, length, and checksum.

The OSI Model consists of the Physical layer, Data Link Layer, Network Layer, Transport Layer, Session Layer, Presentation Layer, and Application Layer.

Media converters are used to connect devices with compatible interfaces.

A misconfigured IP address is considered a physical layer issue.

The PDU associated with the network layer of the OSI model is a frame.

HTTP responses consist of status code, response body, and checksum.

ARPANET was known for its development of the Ethernet protocol.

The TCP three-way handshake involves SYN, ACK, and FIN flags.

If a computer attempts to ping a machine not on the local LAN without a default gateway set, the error message returned will be 'Request timed out.'

The first half of a MAC address is known as the Unique Identifier Block (UIB).

Network Address Translation (NAT) allows multiple devices inside a private network to share the same public IP address.

MAC sublayer uses contention-based access method, where devices need permission to transmit data onto the medium.

Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer provides a consistent way for higher-layer protocols to access different types of network media based on their specific characteristics.

Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer assists in establishing, maintaining, and terminating logical links between nodes over the physical medium.

Ethernet is an example of a MAC protocol.

The 6 components of a structured wire system include core cabling, distribution frames, and antennae installation.

Fiber distributed data interface (FDDI) networking relies on a star topology.

Microwave radio connections require line-of-sight and are not affected by the Fresnel Zone.

Patch panel is typically not involved in the initial cable connections within a networking closet.

A computer network can only be small in scale, such as connecting a single building.

Static routing is a dynamic routing technique that adapts to changing network parameters automatically.

Encapsulation involves adding extra information to data as it moves through the network layers.

An Ethernet broadcast frame is processed only by the device with the matching MAC address.

A dynamic port is a fixed port number assigned permanently to a specific communication session.

ARPANET was developed by the U.S. Department of Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) as the first public packet-switched computer network.

HTTP was introduced in 1994 as a protocol for secure encrypted connections.

Port density refers to the number of logical connections supported by a network device.

Crossover cables are used to connect similar devices directly to each other.

The TIA/EIA 568A and TIA/EIA 568B standards differ functionally beyond just the position of cable pairs on set pins.

A patch panel simplifies network changes and troubleshooting by providing an unstructured interface for cable management.

What is the main purpose of the ARP request sent by a device on the network?

Which command is used to display the current contents of the ARP cache in Windows?

What is the role of Wireshark's Promiscuous Mode?

What information is stored in an ARP cache once resolved?

In TCP/IP, what does ICMP stand for?

Which Windows command is used to get the command line terminal interface?

What is the purpose of an IDS (Intrusion Detection System) in a network?

In TCP, what are the three main phases that the protocol maintains?

What is the term used to describe a group of 4 binary bits?

What message type is used in HTTP to signify that an image was successfully transferred to the client?

When a computer attempts to ping a machine not on the local LAN without a default gateway set, what error message is returned?

What is the main function of media converters in networking?

What is the PDU associated with the network layer of the OSI model?

What is responsible for making a connection with the source destination host while reliably sending packets over the network?

Which protocol is suitable for real-time applications where speed is crucial but minor data loss is acceptable?

What is the purpose of a patch panel in a network?

What does TIA/EIA 568A and TIA/EIA 568B determine in networking?

In the OSI model, where does encapsulation involve adding additional information to data?

What is the key characteristic of an Ethernet broadcast frame?

Which network routing technique involves manual configuration and selection of routes?

What is the function of a dynamic port in networking?

'Port density' in network devices refers to what aspect?

'Hertz' is the unit of measurement for what in networking?

'ARPANET' was developed by which entity as the first public packet-switched computer network?

In IP-based communication, what crucial information do packets contain?

What is the primary difference between switches and routers in network technology?

What is the key role of the Internet Protocol (IP) in an IP-based network?

What fundamental difference exists between the OSI Model and the TCP/IP model?

What is the key distinction between Circuit-Switched and Packet-Switched communication?

How do routers determine the next hop for data packets in a network?

What is a key drawback of host-based architecture?

In client/server architecture, what type of computer performs all four functions that are accessed by the client computer?

What is a significant drawback of client/server architecture in terms of performance?

What communication protocol is used for controlling multimedia communication using networks?

Which session layer communication mode allows both ends of communication to communicate simultaneously?

What is a common benefit of Cloud computing/N-tier architecture?

Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for ensuring data is presented in a readable format and optionally encrypts application layer data?

Which IEEE 802.3 standard uses copper twisted-pair cabling and allows for connections up to 25 meters long?

What encryption method does Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) use to encrypt connections between nodes?

What is the primary purpose of the L2TP protocol?

What connection-oriented protocol sets up a connection between the source and destination for message exchange during a conversation?

Which of the following represents a difference between IPv4 and IPv6 addressing?

What is the primary role of the Transport Layer Security (TLS) protocol?

'Upper layer protocols may need to define and maintain persistent connections.' This statement is most relevant to which layer of the OSI model?

What is the primary purpose of Network Address Translation (NAT) in a computer network?

What is the responsibility of the MAC sublayer in a network?

In a contention-based access method, what happens if multiple devices try to transmit data simultaneously?

What service does the Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer provide in a computer network?

Which component of a structured wire system is responsible for connecting devices directly in a work environment?

What is the main function of the Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer protocol in a computer network?

What does the MAC address represent in a computer network?

What problem does Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD) help solve in Ethernet networks?

In which network topology can data travel in either direction but must pass through each node until it reaches its destination?

When a node needs to transmit a data packet to another node in a mesh network, what happens if the most efficient route is unknown?

Which port is associated with the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)?

What is the primary function of a router in a network?

What is the main drawback of a bus topology when a cable fails?

'Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)' is associated with which port?

'NetBIOS session' uses which port for communication?

'Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)' utilizes which port?

'Server Message Block (SMB) over IP' operates on which port?

Which layer of the OSI model is most visible because it interacts with software apps?

What is the purpose of port numbers in networking?

Which protocol provides secure email via X.509 certificates for authentication?

What is the main function of a service listening on a port in networking?

Which networking control uses antimalware programs to check apps for viruses?

What does TIA/EIA 568A at one end and TIA/EIA 568B at the other end refer to?

Which backbone network design involves connecting departmental LANs to a centralized high-speed backbone using VLANs and Ethernet tagging?

In a collapsed backbone network, what layers are merged into a single layer?

What type of coaxial cable is commonly used for Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) transmission to monitors?

Which IEEE standard draws up to 15.4 watts of power from the PoE switch port to power certain IP phones?

Which method helps identify and prevent collisions in a network, thus improving overall efficiency?

What key benefit does Quality of Service (QoS) routing provide for real-time applications?

'Hertz' is a unit of measurement for what in networking?

What type of transmission uses square waves and is measured as positive (1) or negative (0) voltage level?

'Reliability' in networking refers to the availability and integrity of what?

Which type of malware is designed to disguise itself as a legitimate program to deceive users into downloading it?

What transport layer service involves managing the pacing of data to avoid collisions and congestion?

What type of network connection level connects workgroup LANs into department LANs in a hierarchical structure?

Which IPv6 addressing mode sends packets to the nearest node in a specified group of nodes?

What is the primary function of a malware scanner?

Which layer is responsible for the signaling of 1's and 0's in network communication?

What type of current is used in analog communications like AC appliances?

What is the primary difference between circuit-switched and packet-switched networks?

What does IPv6 provide that IPv4 lacks?

What is the main function of the Media Access Control (MAC) sublayer in the Data Link Layer?

In networking, what is the purpose of a crossover cable?

Which protocol is responsible for ensuring reliable delivery of data packets in the TCP/IP suite?

What characteristic is essential for high-speed data transmission?

What does a patch cable with straight-through configuration enable?

What does the Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer assist in?

What is the primary function of the data link layer in networking?

In networking, what is the purpose of a static route?

What is a possible consequence of a packet needing many hops to reach its destination in networking?

What method does a switch use to forward frames with unknown destination MAC addresses in a LAN?

What is one characteristic of cut-through switching in networking?

How do VLANs improve network efficiency in a physical network?

What issue do Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol (RSTP) and Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol (MSTP) aim to prevent in switching networks?

What is a drawback of Layer 2 switches creating flat network topologies?

What are LAN switches responsible for creating in a network?

What is the primary function of a switch in a network?

Which network device extends the reach of a network by overcoming attenuation?

What is the key feature of a structured wiring system for network infrastructure?

What is the primary purpose of the ARP broadcast query in a network?

Which network technology allows multiple wavelengths of light to travel through a single fiber strand?

In IPv6 networks, what protocol serves a function similar to ARP in IPv4 networks?

What is the primary purpose of an edge network in a network infrastructure?

What does the Layer 3 network device use to make path decisions for IP packet forwarding?

Which type of LAN consists of users and devices located in the same part of a building?

What differentiates a metropolitan area backbone from a campus backbone network?

What is characteristic of a collapse backbone network topology?

Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for breaking down data into packets for transmission?

'Inter-building communication' is a key function of which type of network backbone?

What is the main function of the Data Link layer in the OSI model?

'Providing high-speed connectivity' is a primary function associated with which type of backbone network?

What is the primary purpose of the Packet Switching technique?

'Supporting PCs and workstations to access network resources' is a key role of which type of network?

Which layer in the OSI model interacts directly with end users and network programs?

What service does UDP provide that makes it ideal for broadcast or simple messages?

Which networking protocol is responsible for defining the seven layers of a communication system?

What is the purpose of the flow label in IPV6?

What does the Traffic field in IPV6 represent?

What is the main function of Address Resolution in networking?

What is the significance of Encapsulation in an IP network?

What does Port Address Translation (PAT) achieve in networking?

What does the Time to Live (TTL) value in an IP packet header represent?

'Connectionless protocol' refers primarily to which protocol?

'Virtual Circuits' in networking are supported by which layer?

What is the primary advantage of using a loopback address?

What does a classful network refer to in address architecture?

What is the primary role of a NIC in a computer network?

In internetworking at the Data Link Layer, what is the function of a bridge?

What is the purpose of a Network Layer address, such as an IP address?

What does a router primarily do in relation to IP packets in a network?

What distinguishes peer-to-peer internetworking from client/server architecture?

At the Network Layer, what is the key function of routers?

What is a key advantage of using different ports for different protocols?

Which responsibility is NOT attributed to the transport layer of the TCP/IP model?

What is one advantage of Cut-Through Switching?

In a structured wiring system, what is the purpose of an Intermediate Distribution Frame (IDF)?

How do switches contribute to making an ethernet network faster?

What must be addressed in the design of an end-to-end solution according to the text?

Which of the following is a characteristic of Store and Forward Switching?

What role do VLANs play in network communication?

'Efficient resource utilization' is a key advantage of which network type?

'Campus or building backbone distribution' typically consists of which type of cabling?

What is the primary function of Wireshark's Promiscuous Mode?

How does a coaxial transmission medium differ from a glass/fiber transmission medium?

In TCP/IP Suite, what is the main responsibility of the Application layer protocols?

How can air impact the transmission of 1's and 0's in a network?

What does the choice between Layer 2 and Layer 3 switches depend on primarily?

Which component is crucial to consider when designing Ethernet networks for IP phones and powered devices?

What is the primary purpose of incorporating ASIC, dual processors, and LAN switching in switch architecture?

In networking, what is the main responsibility of the physical layer in the OSI model?

What distinguishes TCP/IP from OSI regarding network communication?

What happens if two devices on an Ethernet LAN share the same MAC address?

Which protocol assists in ensuring transparency for upper layer protocols in the Internet Layer of TCP/IP?

What is the main responsibility of the network access layer in TCP/IP related to data packets?

How does IEEE 802.1Q Ethernet tagging contribute to network functionality?

What is a significant disadvantage of circuit-switched networks?

What role does the destination perform in a packet-switched network?

How do workgroup LANs handle connectivity needs according to design considerations?

Which layer of the TCP/IP model corresponds to the data link and physical layers of the OSI model?