28 Questions
What is considered a core concept of Liberalism according to the lecture?
Peace
What was the intellectual root of Classical Liberalism according to the lecture?
Lockean philosophy
During which period was Idealism/Utopian Liberalism prominent according to the lecture?
Interwar period (1919-39)
Which level of liberalism focuses on the nation-state, according to Waltz's second image?
Republican Liberalism
According to the text, what is the single most important condition for cooperation between states?
Existence of common interests
Which theory suggests that democracies are more peaceful and do not make war on each other?
Theory of Democratic Peace
What is the primary critique moved by neorealists to liberals regarding institutions?
They have no ability to act independently
What is the 'dark side' of the relationship between peace and democracy, as mentioned in the text?
Rising populism and economic inequality
What does neo-realist critique emphasize about liberal or democratic states?
Possibility of regression to authoritarianism
According to Woodrow Wilson, the new international order should be based on which of the following principles?
Democracy, rule of law, and self-determination
Which concept introduced by Karl Deutsch refers to security communities with compatible values and mutual respect?
Pluralistic security
According to John Burton's 'Cobweb model', the communication of a state with the outside world is:
Unique and homogeneous
Moisés Naim emphasized the importance of individuals in international politics and the emergence of:
'Micro-powers' that challenge traditional values and authority
Interdependence liberalism highlights the importance of people and governments being affected by what happens elsewhere and the increasing cooperation in international relations due to:
Modernization and interdependence
According to Frédéric Bastiat, what frequently occurs when goods don't cross borders?
War in less developed countries
'Functionalism' in integration theories suggests that cooperation can be arranged by technical experts to provide solutions to common problems in various functional areas, leading to:
Tangible benefits and potential political integration
According to the text, which theory of integration proposes that increased cooperation in one area leads to cooperation in other areas?
Neo-functionalism
Who proposed the idea of 'Complex Interdependence' in the late 1970s, suggesting that post-WWII interdependence between advanced/liberal countries is qualitatively different from the past?
Keohane and Nye
Which theory introduced the concept of transnational actors influencing the behavior of states, as mentioned in the text?
Neo-functionalism
In the liberal perspective, what are international institutions considered to be?
Independent actors
According to neo-realist critique, what is the main issue with international cooperation?
Relative gains
Which theory argues that more interdependence does not always lead to more cooperation and that vulnerability is always asymmetrical?
Neo-realism
What did the development of international regime studies in the 1970s and 1980s focus on?
'International institutions'
According to neo-realist reaction, what does vulnerability always remain?
'Asymmetrical'
'Simple Interdependence' was introduced by whom?
'Keohane and Nye'
What was the reaction to neo-functionalism in West European cooperation from the mid-1960s?
'Backsliding'
'International institutions (IOs)' govern state action in particular areas through what?
'Rules and regimes'
What do institutions mitigate by providing a flow of information, reducing transaction costs, making commitments more credible, and stabilizing expectations?
'Anarchy'
Study Notes
- EEC Neo-functionalism: a regional theory of integration where increased cooperation in one area leads to cooperation in other areas, and political integration leads to peace, as proposed by Ernst Haas and Philippe Schmitter.
- Neo-functionalism builds on the idea of transnational actors influencing the behavior of states, introduced in "Simple Interdependence" by Keohane and Nye.
- Neo-functionalism was popular in the early 1960s but faced a long phase of stagnation and backsliding in West European cooperation from the mid-1960s due to various factors.
- Neo-realist reaction argued that more interdependence does not always lead to more cooperation and that vulnerability is always asymmetrical.
- In the late 1970s, Keohane and Nye proposed the idea of "Complex Interdependence," suggesting that post-WWII interdependence between advanced/liberal countries is qualitatively different from the past.
- International institutions (IOs) are crucial in the liberal worldview, with examples including NATO and the EU, and they govern state action in particular areas through rules and regimes.
- The development of international regime studies in the 1970s and 1980s focused on the principles, norms, rules, and decision-making procedures that govern international cooperation.
- Institutions mitigate anarchy by providing a flow of information, reducing transaction costs, making commitments more credible, and stabilizing expectations.
- Neo-realist critique argues that the main issue is relative gains, not cheating, and that this aspect was overlooked by liberal institutionalists.
- In the liberal perspective, international institutions are not mere scraps of paper, but independent actors that can make cooperation easier and far more likely, while powerful states are not easily constrained.
- Institutions challenge the implications of anarchy and contribute to a "virtuous circle of cooperation."
Test your knowledge of neo-functionalism and regional integration theory with this quiz. Explore concepts such as the fundamental role of political elites, 'spill-over' effect, externalization of domestic policies to international organizations, and their influence on political integration and peace.
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