Math Major 3218: Abstract Algebra Review Notes for Midterm

Closure ensures that when integers are combined through addition, the result is always another ______.

A group requires the existence of ______ elements within the set.

The associative property allows flexibility in grouping elements by enabling the rearrangement of expressions like (x + 3) - 3 to x + (3 - 3), showcasing the property of ______.

The identity element is crucial for equation solving as it is an element that leaves others ______.

The definition of a group is the simplest set of rules that allow for solving equations through the application of the four essential properties: closure, identity, ______, and associativity.

A group needs these four essential properties: closure, identity, inverses, and the property of ______.

Abstract Algebra is a branch of mathematics that studies the properties and patterns within ______ structures.

Algebraic Structures are sets with defined operations that follow specific ______ and patterns.

Évariste Galois pioneered the concept of ______ to address higher-degree polynomial equations.

Carl Friedrich Gauss developed ______ arithmetic, which shares properties with groups.

The power of groups as a unifying tool led to the development of more ______ structures.

Abstract Algebra provides the underlying ______ and structures used in many areas of advanced mathematics.

Abstract Algebra is also called ______ Algebra, or simply 'Algebra' in advanced mathematics contexts.

To study Abstract Algebra, one needs a solid foundation in ______ algebra.

A ______ is a mathematical structure consisting of a set, an operation, an identity element, inverse elements, and the associative property.

In the 19th century, mathematicians aimed to develop generalized tools to solve problems across various ______ fields.

The concept of a '______' became a cornerstone of Abstract Algebra.

One example of a group is ______ Arithmetic (Clock Arithmetic).

Operation: Addition with '______' (e.g., on a 7-hour clock, 3 + 5 = 1)

Groups are '______' because we don't focus on the specific nature of the elements, but rather on the common patterns and rules that govern how they interact under the defined operation.

The properties defining a group are ______ for solving basic equations within a mathematical system.

Commutativity: Not required for all groups.o Commutative (______) Group: Order of combination doesn't matter (e.g., Integers with addition)

The usefulness of groups continues to expand as new ______ are found.

Groups have found ______ in: o Physics o Chemistry o Computer Science o Crystallography (the study of crystals)

In a group of integers with addition, the associativity property holds true. Therefore, integers with addition form a ______.

For even integers with addition, the closure test is satisfied, making it a subgroup within the broader group of integers. Thus, even integers with addition form a ______.

Odd integers with addition fail the closure test because adding odd numbers gives even results outside the set. Therefore, odd integers with addition do not form a ______.

Integers with multiplication fail the inverses test since most numbers don't have integer inverses. Hence, integers with multiplication do not form a ______.

Multiples of seven with addition remain closed under addition and have additive inverses within the set. Therefore, multiples of seven with addition form a ______.

A subgroup, denoted 'H', is a subset of a larger group 'G' that adheres to the same rules. To be a subgroup of G, H must be closed under the same operation and have its own identity element. It must also follow the ______ property like G.