Genomics vs. Genetics and Proteomics

Comparative Genomics

• Comparative genomics is a large-scale, holistic approach that compares two or more genomes to discover similarities and differences between genomes and study individual genome biology.

Pharmacogenomics

• Pharmacogenomics combines pharmacology and genomics to study the usage and effect of medications, using genetic makeup information to choose the best drugs and doses for a person.

Epigenomics

• Epigenomics is the study of the epigenome, the set of chemical compounds and proteins that attach to the genome and control or modify gene expression by turning them on or off.
• Epigenomics focuses on the analysis of epigenetic changes across the entire genome.

Genomics vs. Genetics

• Genetics is the study of heredity.
• Genomics is the study of genes and their functions, and related techniques.
• Genetics scrutinizes the composition of a single gene, while genomics addresses all genes and their inter-functioning relationships.

Genomics vs. Proteomics

• Genomics is the study of the entire set of genes in a cell's genome.
• Proteomics is the study of the entire set of proteins produced by the cell.

Introduction to Genomics

• Genomics is a computer-aided study of the structure and function of an entire genome.
• It deals with mapping and sequencing of genes on chromosomes.
• Genomic techniques are powerful, efficient, and effective in solving complex genetic problems.

Types of Genomics

• Functional genomics: study of how genes and intergenic regions contribute to biological processes.
• Structural genomics: characterization of genome structures.
• Pharmacogenomics: study of medication usage and effect based on genetic makeup.
• Comparative genomics: comparison of two or more genomes to discover similarities and differences.
• Epigenomics: study of epigenetic changes across the entire genome.
• Metagenomics: study of genetic material recovered from environmental samples.

Structural Genomics

• Useful for manipulating genes and DNA segments of a species.
• The Protein Data Bank (PDB) is an international repository for biomolecular structure data.
• The Protein Structure Initiative (PSI) provides information on protein targets studied by structural genomics efforts.

Functional Genomics

• Study of how genes and intergenic regions contribute to biological processes.
• Focuses on dynamic expression of gene products in a specific context, such as a developmental stage or disease.
• Goal is to determine how individual components of a biological system work together to produce a particular phenotype.

Test your understanding of genomics and its relationships with genetics and proteomics. Learn about the differences and similarities between these fields, and explore the types and classifications of genomics.