Flow Chart of the Scientific Method Quiz

19 Questions

Match the following research methods with their primary purpose:

Qualitative Research = Exploratory and used when uncertain about the problem Quantitative Research = Conclusive and aims to quantify the problem Exploratory Research = Focuses on defining the problem and developing an approach Conclusive Research = Seeks projectable results to a larger population

Match the following data collection methods with the type of research they are commonly associated with:

Focus Groups, In-depth Interviews = Qualitative Research Surveys, Audits = Quantitative Research Uninterrupted Observation, Ethnographic Participation = Qualitative Research Points of Purchase Data, Trend Data = Quantitative Research

Match the following statements with the correct term:

Formally stated question intended to provide indications about an issue = Research Question Formal statement regarding the relationship between variables = Hypothesis Used when uncertain about the nature of the problem under investigation = Research Question Tested directly in research to explore relationships between variables = Hypothesis

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Probability Sampling = A sampling technique in which every member of the population has a known, nonzero probability of selection. Nonprobability Sampling = A sampling technique in which units of the sample are selected on the basis of personal judgment or convenience. Descriptive Data Analysis = Involves the exploration, summary, and presentation of data to understand its key characteristics. Variable Types = Independent variables are systematically varied by the researcher; Dependent variables are observed.

Match the following statistical measures with their descriptions:

Mean = Calculates the average value of a dataset. Variance = Measures how spread out the values in a dataset are from the mean. Percentiles = Divides a dataset into 100 equal parts, indicating the percentage of observations below a certain value. Standard Deviation = Quantifies the amount of variation or dispersion of a set of values.

Match the following terms with their characteristics:

Reliability vs. Validity = Reliability refers to consistency; Validity refers to accuracy. Both Valid and Reliable = Results are accurate and consistent. Not Valid but Reliable = Results are consistent but not accurate. Not Reliable but Valid = Results are accurate but not consistent.

Match the following visualization techniques with their purpose:

Charts, Graphs, Histograms, Box Plots = Visual representations aid in understanding patterns, trends, and relationships in the data. Scatter Plots = Used to show relationships between two variables through individual data points.

Match the following statistical concepts with their definitions:

Significance Level = A critical probability associated with a statistical hypothesis test p-value = Probability value, or the observed or computed significance level Inferential Statistics = Provide environments for testing difference and relationship between variables Hypothesis Testing Procedure = Process of deriving specifically stated hypothesis from research objectives

Match the following types of statistical analysis with their descriptions:

Univariate Statistical Analysis = Tests hypotheses involving only one variable Bivariate Statistical Analysis = Tests hypotheses involving two variables Multivariate Statistical Analysis = Involves analysis of three or more variables or sets of variables Interpretation = Process of drawing inferences from analysis results

Match the following terms with their meanings:

Test for Difference = Examining if a significant difference exists between groups Tests for Relationship = Analyzing for a significant relationship between dependent and independent variables Hypothesis Testing Using Basic Statistics = Using statistical tests to evaluate hypotheses based on data Managerial Implications = Implications and decisions drawn from analysis results

Match the following with their definition:

Discrete Variable = Includes a finite set of values Continuous Variable = Takes on any value on a continuous scale Mode = The value that occurs most often in a distribution Median = The midpoint of the distribution

Match the following with their characteristics:

Mean = Arithmetic average Median = Provides the middle value when numbers are arranged in order Mode = Characterizes the entire distribution with a single number Normal Distribution = Distribution where 68%, 95%, and 99% fall within specific ranges

Match the following with their calculation method:

Mode Example = Find the score that occurs most frequently Median Example (Odd Number) = Arrange in descending order and find the midpoint Median Example (Even Number) = Arrange in descending order and find the average of two middle values Skewness = Refers to the concentration of scores around a particular point on the x-axis

Match the following with their representation:

Frequency Polygon = Graph representing frequency distribution of test scores Central Tendency Statistics = Provide information about the grouping of numbers in a distribution Measures of Central Tendency = Identify characteristic numbers like mode, median, and mean for a distribution Variable Forms = Categorize variables as discrete or continuous based on their values

Match the following with their purpose:

Mode = Identifying the most frequent value in a dataset Median = Providing a robust measure of central tendency for skewed distributions Mean = Calculating an average value for a set of data points Central Tendency Statistics = Summarizing the center or average of a dataset

Match the following with their percentage relevance in a Normal Distribution:

68% = Scores falling within one standard deviation from the mean 95% = Scores falling within two standard deviations from the mean 99% = Scores falling within three standard deviations from the mean Skewness = Refers to how symmetrical or skewed a distribution is

Match the following terms with their corresponding definitions:

Null Hypothesis (H0) = States there is no significant difference/relationship between groups Alternative Hypothesis (Ha) = States there is a significant difference/relationship between groups Significance Level = A critical probability indicating how likely an inference supporting a difference is true p-value = Probability value or observed significance level compared to significance levels

Match the following steps in hypothesis testing with their descriptions:

Obtaining a sample and measuring the variable = First step in hypothesis testing procedure Comparing the measured sample value with hypothesis value = Determining if hypothesis is supported or not supported Stating hypotheses in Null form = Always stating the research hypotheses in a specific way Testing an educated guess = Object of experimental research to either reject or accept hypotheses

Match the following outcomes with their implications in hypothesis testing:

Consistent sample value with hypothesis = Supports the hypothesis Inconsistent sample value with hypothesis = Does not support the hypothesis Significance Level as Type I error probability = Acceptable level for hypothesis testing Comparing p-values and significance levels = Testing hypotheses using computed significance levels

Study Notes