52 Questions
What is the main reason for the development of geology as a science?
The need to solve engineering problems
Who are mentioned as the 'fathers' of Geology in the passage?
Civil engineers in the eighteenth century
What triggered the engineers' interest in geology according to the passage?
The opportunity to view and explore excavations in rocks and soils
How did ancient man's knowledge of geology contribute to the development of the science?
By performing feats of mining and civil engineering
What did the civil engineers working in the eighteenth century contribute to the development of geology?
They speculated on the origin and nature of rocks
Who were confronted with real engineering problems according to the passage?
Civil engineers in the eighteenth century
What was the status of geology and engineering in the later nineteenth century?
Geology advanced as a science, while engineering remained practical.
How did the majority of civil engineers view geology by the end of the nineteenth century?
They knew relatively little about geology.
Who were the leaders in advancing geology as a science in the nineteenth century?
James Dana, Albert Heim, and Sir Archibald Geikie
What bridged the widening division between geology and engineering in the nineteenth and early twentieth century?
The development of soil mechanics by engineers such as Charles Coulomb and Macquorn Rankine
Who is credited with establishing soil mechanics as a discipline within the field of civil engineering?
Karl Terzaghi
What did Charles Coulomb and Macquorn Rankine develop?
Methods of calculating deformations of earth masses under engineering stresses
What did James Dana, Albert Heim, and Sir Archibald Geikie contribute to geology?
Leadership in advancing geology as a science
What characterized engineering according to the text?
It remained as an eminently practical subject
What did soil mechanics bring together according to the text?
Old knowledge, new theory, and experience
Who are some of the 'fathers' of Geology mentioned in the passage?
Lewis Evans, William Smith, Pierre Cordier
Who are some notable engineers mentioned in the text?
Charles Coulomb and Macquorn Rankine
What triggered the engineers' interest in geology according to the passage?
Real engineering problems
What did the civil engineers of the eighteenth century contribute to the development of geology?
Speculation on the origin and nature of rocks, and the relationships between similar rocks found in different places
How did ancient man contribute to the development of the science of geology?
Intuitive knowledge of geology, as evidenced by feats of mining and civil engineering in the distant past
What was the main reason for the development of geology as a science?
The practical application of subject by civil engineers
What bridged the widening division between geology and engineering in the eighteenth century?
The practical application of geology to real engineering problems
What is the role of engineering geologists?
To provide expert assessment of geological conditions on civil engineering sites.
What is the main function of the Association of Engineering Geologists (AEG)?
To provide a professional association for engineering geologists in the United States and internationally.
When was engineering geology first taught at postgraduate level in Imperial College, London?
1957
When was the International Association of Engineering Geology (IAEG) formed?
1967
How did civil engineers view geology by the end of the nineteenth century?
The majority of civil engineers knew relatively little about geology.
What is the significance of the publication 'Erdbaumechanik' by Karl Terzaghi in 1925?
It brought together old knowledge, added new theory and experience, and established soil mechanics as a discipline within civil engineering.
What triggered the need for expert assessment of geological conditions on civil engineering sites?
Failures of engineering works such as the Austin Dam in Texas in 1900 and the St. Francis Dam in California in 1928.
Who were the leaders in advancing geology as a science in the nineteenth century?
James Dana in America, Albert Heim in Switzerland, and Sir Archibald Geikie in Britain.
What bridged the widening division between geology and engineering in the nineteenth and early twentieth century?
The development of soil mechanics by engineers such as Charles Coulomb and Macquorn Rankine.
What was the status of geology and engineering in the later nineteenth century?
Civil engineers knew relatively little about geology, and very few geologists were concerned about its engineering applications.
What characterized engineering according to the text?
Engineering was characterized by practical canal and railway construction carried out by the 'navvy', and it remained as an eminently practical subject.
What did soil mechanics bring together according to the text?
Soil mechanics brought together old knowledge, and added new theory and experience to establish soil mechanics as a discipline within the field of civil engineering.
What is the main contribution of civil engineers in the eighteenth century to the development of geology?
Developing theories on the origin of rocks and their relationships
Who are credited as the 'fathers' of Geology in the passage?
Lewis Evans, William Smith, and Pierre Cordier
What triggered the interest of civil engineers in geology according to the passage?
Real engineering problems requiring knowledge of ground conditions
What characterized the interest of civil engineers in geology in the eighteenth century?
Intrigued by what they saw during excavations in rocks and soils
What did the civil engineers working in the eighteenth century contribute to the development of geology?
Speculating on the origin and nature of rocks
Who are some notable 'fathers' of Geology according to the passage?
Lewis Evans, William Smith, and Pierre Cordier
What was the role of engineering geologists according to the passage?
To understand the fundamental importance of geological conditions in civil engineering design
What did soil mechanics bring together according to the text?
Old knowledge, new theory, and experience
What characterized engineering according to the text?
A theoretical understanding driven by practical problems
Who is credited with establishing soil mechanics as a discipline within the field of civil engineering?
Karl Terzaghi
What triggered the need for expert assessment of geological conditions on civil engineering sites?
The failures of engineering works like the Austin Dam and St. Francis Dam
When was engineering geology first taught at postgraduate level in Imperial College, London?
In 1957
What was the status of geology and engineering in the later nineteenth century?
Geology became a more-or-less respectable natural philosophy, while engineering remained practical
What did Charles Coulomb and Macquorn Rankine develop?
Methods of calculating the deformations of earth masses under the stresses imposed by engineering works
'Erdbaumechanik' by Karl Terzaghi in 1925 brought together what according to the text?
'Erdbaumechanik' brought together old knowledge, new theory, and experience to establish soil mechanics in its own right as a discipline within civil engineering.
What is the main function of the Association of Engineering Geologists (AEG)?
To band together to form a professional association for practicing engineering geologists.
Who were confronted with real engineering problems according to the passage?
Navvies involved in canal and railway construction.
Who are some notable engineers mentioned in the text?
Robert Leggett and Charles Berkey.
Explore the origins and evolution of engineering geology, which owes much of its development to the civil engineers of the eighteenth century. Discover how their work on major engineering projects during the industrial revolution contributed to the growth of this field.
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