18 Questions
What does encapsulating data fields in a class help achieve?
Make classes easier to maintain
When an object-oriented programming involves programming using objects, what does an object represent?
An entity in the real world that can be distinctly identified
How can you differentiate between instance and static variables and methods in Java?
Static variables and methods belong to the class itself, while instance variables and methods belong to individual objects
What does creating immutable objects from immutable classes help protect?
The contents of objects
How are variable scopes determined in the context of a class?
By where the variable is declared within the class structure
Why is it important to define private data fields with appropriate get and set methods?
To control access to the data fields and maintain data integrity
Which of the following statements about the default constructor is true?
A default constructor has an empty body.
When declaring object reference variables, how is the syntax typically structured?
ClassName objectRefVar = new ClassName();
How is the data of an object accessed in Java?
By directly calling the data attribute like myCircle.data
What happens when you assign an object to a reference variable in Java?
Both the reference variable and the object point to the same memory location.
Which statement accurately describes creating an object using a specified value?
An example of creating an object with specified value is: Circle myCircle = new Circle(5.0);
In Java, how are non-static methods invoked on objects?
By calling ClassName.methodName() directly on the object reference variable
What is the main difference between passing by value for primitive type value and passing by value for reference type value in Java?
For primitive type values, the actual value is passed to the parameter; for reference type values, the reference to the object is passed.
In Java, what does an array of objects actually consist of?
An array of reference variables
When invoking a method that modifies an object's attribute in Java, how many levels of referencing are typically involved?
Two levels
What does 'n is 5' represent in the given code snippet?
A specified value assignment
When creating objects in Java, how are object references typically assigned?
By pointing to the object's memory location
What happens when you invoke circleArray.getArea() in Java?
It involves two levels of referencing as it points to an object in an array
Study Notes
Creating Objects Using Constructors
- A constructor is used to create an object, e.g.,
new Circle();ornew Circle(5.0); - A default constructor is automatically provided if no constructors are explicitly defined in the class
Declaring Object Reference Variables
- A reference variable is declared using the syntax
ClassName objectRefVar;, e.g.,Circle myCircle; - A reference variable is assigned an object using the syntax
ClassName objectRefVar = new ClassName();, e.g.,Circle myCircle = new Circle();
Accessing Object Members
- An object's data is accessed using
objectRefVar.data, e.g.,myCircle.radius - An object's method is invoked using
objectRefVar.methodName(arguments), e.g.,myCircle.getArea()
Passing Objects to Methods
- Passing an object to a method is called "passing by value"
- The value passed is the reference to the object
Array of Objects
- An array of objects is an array of reference variables, e.g.,
Circle[] circleArray = new Circle[ ]; - Each element in the array references a
Circleobject - Invoking a method on an element in the array involves two levels of referencing
OO Programming Concepts
- Object-oriented programming (OOP) involves programming using objects
- An object represents an entity in the real world that can be distinctly identified
- An object has a unique identity, state, and behaviors
- The state of an object consists of a set of data fields (also known as properties) with their current values
Learn how to create objects using constructors in Java, with examples such as creating a Circle object with or without parameters. Understand the concept of default constructors and how they are automatically provided when no constructors are explicitly defined in a class.
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