COPY: Renal Physiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of aldosterone in the body?

  • Decrease blood volume
  • Increase reabsorption of potassium
  • Increase excretion of water
  • Increase reabsorption of sodium (correct)

    • Which hormone triggers the conversion of calcidiol to calcitriol in the kidneys?

  • Aldosterone
  • Insulin
  • PTH (correct)
  • Vitamin K

    • How do nephrons contribute to maintaining blood calcium levels?

  • By stimulating the release of PTH
  • By decreasing calcium reabsorption in the intestines
  • By increasing intestinal calcium reabsorption (correct)
  • By increasing calcium excretion in urine

    • Which animal species has the highest number of nephrons per kidney?

    <p>Cows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinctive feature of the juxtamedullary nephron compared to the cortical nephron?

    <p>Located near the medulla/cortex junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can nephrons regenerate fully if damaged?

    <p>No, never</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the kidney contains the renal corpuscle?

    <p>Renal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the efferent arterioles of nephrons contribute to urine concentration?

    <p>Form long straight capillaries (vasa recta)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of total body weight is made up of intracellular fluid (ICF)?

    <p>40%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intracellular fluid (ICF) is found where in the body?

    <p>In the cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following fluids is considered part of extracellular fluid (ECF)?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What makes up the extracellular fluid (ECF) and is located within the ears?

    <p>Endolymph and Perilymph</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is water primarily brought into ro formed in the body?

    <p>More than 1 answer choice is correct</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organ plays a central role in regulating the volume and ion concentration of extracellular fluid (ECF)?

    <p>The kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is NOT listed as a way water is lost from the body?

    <p>Inhaling vapor in lungs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why won't injecting fluids in one ECF location affect other locations?

    <p>The body has barriers preventing fluid movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of renin in the RAAS pathway?

    <p>Respond to low blood pressure by its release from the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the glomerulus?

    <p>Forming primary urine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of aldosterone in the RAAS pathway?

    <p>Promote reabsorption of sodium and water in the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure reabsorbs water, sodium, and chloride in the kidney?

    <p>Thin limbs of Henles Loop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do ACE inhibitors work to lower blood pressure?

    <p>By inhibiting the conversion of angiotensin 1 to angiotensin 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do substances like myoglobin, hemoglobin, and albumin stay within the blood?

    <p>They have a high molecular weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direct effect of angiotensin 2 on blood vessels?

    <p>Cause vasoconstriction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true in regards to the influence of charge on glomerular filtration?

    <p>Cations are most easily filtered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end result of aldosterone promoting sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys?

    <p>Increase in blood volume and blood pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to substances bound to transport proteins in terms of kidney filtration?

    <p>They are too big to be filtered</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of RAAS is responsible for converting angiotensinogen into angiotensin 1?

    <p>Renin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the nephron is responsible for absorbing most of the water and solutes?

    <p>Proximal tubules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to tubular filtrate as it passes through the nephron's tubular system?

    <p>It gets modified by tubular reabsorption to become 'final urine'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main property of substances that are filtered through the glomerulus?

    <p>Small molecular size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the RAAS pathway in response to low blood pressure?

    <p>Release of renin from the kidneys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main driving force for filtration of fluid from glomerular capillaries into Bowmans Space?

    <p>Glomerular capillary hydrostatic pressure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic makes cationic substances more easily filtered in the glomerulus?

    <p>Positive charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between osmolality and osmolarity in relation to temperature dependence?

    <p>Osmolarity is temperature dependent, while osmolality is not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fluid undergoes constant modification through tubular reabsorption to become 'final urine'?

    <p>Tubular fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does osmotic/oncotic pressure do with regards to the movement of water?

    <p>Pulls water towards the higher concentration of solutes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What triggers the release of ADH, leading to the production of more concentrated urine?

    <p>Increased osmolality of plasma</p> Signup and view all the answers

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