Anatomy and Physiology Basics Ch1
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Anatomy and Physiology Basics Ch1

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of anatomy?

Studying the form and structure of the body

How is physiology related to the human body?

It studies how the body functions

According to the principle of complementarity of structure and function, what does function always reflect?

Structure

Which theme of the course emphasizes the inter-relationship between environment and the body's response?

<p>Adaptive nature of our bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best defines homeostasis?

<p>A dynamic state of equilibrium, always readjusting as needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does homeostasis contribute to the human body?

<p>By maintaining relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous changes in environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of studying anatomy?

<p>Studying the form and structure of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what does physiology examine?

<p>'How' the body functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does homeostasis involve?

<p>'Continuous adjustments' as needed from all organ systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Adaptive nature of our bodies' emphasizes which aspect?

<p>'Inter-relationship between environment and body’s response'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is homeostasis?

<p>The maintenance of relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous changes in environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

What depends on specific form according to 'principle of complementarity of structure and function'?

<p>What a structure can do</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the Father of Western medicine?

<p>Hippocrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which time period was the study of anatomy outlawed?

<p>Middle Ages</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who performed vivisections of criminals around the 2nd century B.C.?

<p>Herophilus &amp; Eristratus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which Greek physician is known for separating disease from superstition?

<p>Hippocrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which centuries were anatomists like celebrities and people paid to see dissections in large amphitheaters?

<p>17th &amp; 18th centuries</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physician wrote 'the' anatomy text used for 1500 years after vivisecting pigs and primates?

<p>Galen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of anatomy is the study of large, visible structures?

<p>Gross or macroscopic anatomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of plane passes through the body dividing it into left and right portions?

<p>Midsagittal (or median) plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes an effect that affects both sides equally?

<p>Bilateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which region forms the main vertical axis of the body?

<p>Axial region</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a thin, double-layered membrane that lines the walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of organs?

<p>Serosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition causes roughening of pleurae or peritoneum and leads to organs sticking together and dragging across one another, causing pain?

<p>A and D</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do we call the space between the parietal and visceral layers of serous membranes?

<p>Serous cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which system plays a major role in maintaining homeostasis by monitoring variables that can change, such as body temperature?

<p>Nervous system</p> Signup and view all the answers

In homeostatic systems regulated by negative feedback, what is the resulting action in response to a stimulus?

<p>Opposite to the stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of feedback occurs much less frequently than negative feedback and reinforces a stimulus to continue moving a variable in the same direction until a climactic event occurs?

<p>Positive feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an event that triggers positive feedback in the human body?

<p>Blood clotting</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a homeostatic variable in the human body?

<p>$CO_2$ levels in blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do we call factors that can change in the body, such as body temperature?

<p>Variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a normal range for a homeostatic variable?

<p>All of these</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a condition that arises due to homeostatic imbalance?

<p>Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did Hippocrates separate from superstition?

<p>Disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the founder of anatomy?

<p>Herophilus of Chalcedon</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which time period was the study of anatomy outlawed?

<p>Middle Ages</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physician wrote 'the' anatomy text used for 1500 years after vivisecting pigs and primates?

<p>Galen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus during the Renaissance period?

<p>Anatomical interest/knowledge reestablishment</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical study focuses on large, visible structures?

<p>Gross or macroscopic anatomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What did vivisections of criminals further?

<p>Knowledge of anatomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was outlawed during the Middle Ages?

<p>The study of anatomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Slices' of body called sections or planes are exposed by which type of slice?

<p>'Transverse (or cross-sectional) plane'</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Midsagittal (or median) plane' divides the body into left and right portions. What is another term for this plane?

<p>'Sagittal plane'</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which directional term describes being away from the midline, on the other side of?

<p>Lateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a thin, double-layered membrane that lines the walls of the ventral body cavity and the outer surfaces of organs?

<p>Serous membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of studying physiology?

<p>Examining how the body functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does homeostasis involve?

<p>Maintaining relatively stable internal conditions despite continuous changes in the environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the principle of complementarity of structure and function, what does function always reflect?

<p>The form and structure of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes an effect that affects both sides equally?

<p>Bilateral symmetry</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who is considered the Father of Western medicine?

<p>Hippocrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a condition that arises due to homeostatic imbalance?

<p>'Heart attack'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What depends on specific form according to the 'principle of complementarity of structure and function'?

<p>'Function'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do we call factors that can change in the body, such as body temperature?

<p>'Homeostatic variables'</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Adaptive nature of our bodies' emphasizes which aspect?

<p>'Inter-relationship between environment and body’s response'</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Anatomy' studies the form and structure of the body, whereas 'Physiology' examines ____________.

<p>'How the body functions'</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Complementarity of Structure and Function' states that function always reflects ____________.

<p>'Structure'</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the space between the parietal and visceral layers of serous membranes?

<p>Serous cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which directional term describes being away from the body's surface and towards the internal parts?

<p>Deep</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an organ covered by the visceral serosa?

<p>Heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs much less frequently than negative feedback and reinforces a stimulus to continue moving a variable in the same direction until a climactic event occurs?

<p>Positive feedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of studying anatomy as emphasized in the text?

<p>Structure of the human body</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical study focuses on the study of large, visible structures?

<p>Gross anatomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

What theme of the course emphasizes the inter-relationship between environment and the body's response?

<p>Adaptive nature of our bodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Midsagittal (or median) plane' divides the body into left and right portions. What is another term for this plane?

<p>'Sagittal plane'</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Slices' of the body called sections or planes are exposed by which type of slice?

<p>'Transverse slice'</p> Signup and view all the answers

'Pleurisy' is an inflammation of which serous membrane in the thoracic cavity?

<p>'Visceral pleura'</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physician is considered the Father of Western medicine as mentioned in the text?

<p>Hippocrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does diabetes serve as an example of as mentioned in the text?

<p>Homeostatic imbalance</p> Signup and view all the answers

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