lecture 27- immunology

In tissue rejection, which route involves donor dendritic cells directly presenting antigens to recipient T cells?

Lymph Node Response

Recipient APC Route

Direct Route (correct)

Indirect Route

Which type of MHC molecules are most frequently recognized by alloantibodies generated from alloreactive B cells?

Class I MHC

Class II MHC (correct)

Class III MHC

Class IV MHC

What is the prime target of graft vasculature in tissue rejection?

Endothelial cells (correct)

Smooth muscle cells

Epithelial cells

Fibroblasts

Which cells capture and process donor alloantigens and then present them to recipient T cells in the indirect pathway of tissue rejection?

Recipient APCs Signup and view all the answers

What is the key function of alloreactive antibodies in tissue rejection?

Activating complement and Fc receptor-mediated mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

Where do antigens presented by both donor and recipient APCs travel to in the rejection process?

Nearest lymph node Signup and view all the answers

Which molecule expressed by endothelial cells serves as a target for graft vasculature in tissue rejection?

Class I MHC Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of alloantibodies recognizing graft antigens in tissue rejection?

Engagement of effector mechanisms like complement and Fc receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells in transplant rejection?

Attacking and killing graft tissue cells presenting alloantigens Signup and view all the answers

How do CD4+ helper T cells contribute to tissue rejection in transplants?

Inducing inflammation and cytokine production Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of alloreactive B cells in response to alloantigens?

Producing antibodies targeting MHC proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which immune cells are responsible for directly attacking and killing graft tissue cells?

CD8+ cytotoxic T cells Signup and view all the answers

How do alloantigen-specific antibodies contribute to tissue rejection?

Recruit complement proteins and immune cells Signup and view all the answers

Which component is a prime target for the recipient's immune response in transplant rejection?

Endothelial cells lining blood vessels Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate consequence of an attack on the vasculature of transplanted tissue?

Compromised blood flow leading to tissue failure Signup and view all the answers

What effect do antibodies targeting MHC proteins have on the donated tissue?

Exacerbate tissue damage and rejection Signup and view all the answers

What is the main way activated effector T cells contribute to transplant rejection?

Migrating back to the transplanted tissue and engaging in various effector functions Signup and view all the answers

Which pathway involves the recipient dendritic cells capturing and processing donor alloantigens in tissue rejection?

Indirect pathway Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of effector T cells in transplant rejection?

Engaging in various effector functions at the transplanted tissue Signup and view all the answers

Which immune cells are primarily involved in the differentiation into effector T cells after antigen presentation in the lymph node response?

Naive T cells Signup and view all the answers

In transplant rejection, what is the direct consequence of donor dendritic cells directly presenting antigens to recipient T cells?

Activation of alloreactive T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the crucial function of recipient APCs in the indirect pathway of tissue rejection?

Capturing and processing donor alloantigens for presentation Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant outcome of antigens being presented to naive T cells in the lymph nodes during tissue rejection?

Proliferation and differentiation into effector T cells Signup and view all the answers

How do effector T cells contribute differently from naive T cells to tissue rejection?

Effector T cells migrate back to the transplanted tissue Signup and view all the answers

What role do CD4+ helper T cells play in transplant rejection?

Providing help and coordination of immune responses Signup and view all the answers

Which effector mechanisms can separately or in combination promote allograft rejection?

Alloreactive CD4+ T cells, CD8+ T cells, and alloantibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of alloreactive B cells in response to alloantigens?

Production of antibodies targeting MHC proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of an attack on the vasculature of transplanted tissue?