What is the value of the variable sum after the execution of the following code? int sum = 0, i = 1; while(i <= 5) { sum += i; i++; }

Steps to Solve

1. Initialize Variables
   The code starts by initializing two variables:
   $$ \text{sum} = 0, , i = 1 $$

2. While Loop Condition
   The condition for the while loop is $i \leq 5$. This means the loop will continue executing as long as $i$ is less than or equal to 5.

3. Loop Execution Steps

   • First Iteration:
     • Current $i = 1$
     • Update sum:
       $$ \text{sum} += i \Rightarrow \text{sum} = 0 + 1 = 1 $$
     • Increment $i$:
       $$ i = 1 + 1 = 2 $$
   • Second Iteration:
     • Current $i = 2$
     • Update sum:
       $$ \text{sum} += i \Rightarrow \text{sum} = 1 + 2 = 3 $$
     • Increment $i$:
       $$ i = 2 + 1 = 3 $$
   • Third Iteration:
     • Current $i = 3$
     • Update sum:
       $$ \text{sum} += i \Rightarrow \text{sum} = 3 + 3 = 6 $$
     • Increment $i$:
       $$ i = 3 + 1 = 4 $$
   • Fourth Iteration:
     • Current $i = 4$
     • Update sum:
       $$ \text{sum} += i \Rightarrow \text{sum} = 6 + 4 = 10 $$
     • Increment $i$:
       $$ i = 4 + 1 = 5 $$
   • Fifth Iteration:
     • Current $i = 5$
     • Update sum:
       $$ \text{sum} += i \Rightarrow \text{sum} = 10 + 5 = 15 $$
     • Increment $i$:
       $$ i = 5 + 1 = 6 $$

4. End of Loop
   Now $i = 6$, which is greater than 5, so the while loop stops executing. The final value of sum is 15.