What causes a cell to grow and divide at a harmful rate? What role does the placement of the S phase and the M phase in the cell cycle have on the likelihood that a mutation, such... What causes a cell to grow and divide at a harmful rate? What role does the placement of the S phase and the M phase in the cell cycle have on the likelihood that a mutation, such as rapid and harmful growth, will occur?
Understand the Problem
The question presents a two-part examination based on a passage about the cell cycle. Part A asks what leads cells to grow and divide at harmful rates, referencing growth factors and controlling factors. Part B inquires about the significance of the separation of the S and M phases in relation to mutation likelihood. The user is expected to analyze the information provided in the passage for appropriate answers.
Answer
Disruptions in S and M phases can cause harmful cell growth.
The cell cycle is regulated by phases. The S phase (DNA replication) and M phase (mitosis) are crucial. Disruptions or errors in these phases can lead to uncontrolled division. For instance, skipping checkpoints may result in rapid growth, contributing to tumor formation.
Answer for screen readers
The cell cycle is regulated by phases. The S phase (DNA replication) and M phase (mitosis) are crucial. Disruptions or errors in these phases can lead to uncontrolled division. For instance, skipping checkpoints may result in rapid growth, contributing to tumor formation.
More Information
During the S phase, DNA is replicated; any mutations here can propagate through subsequent cell generations. The M phase ensures appropriate DNA segregation. Disruption in cycle checkpoints like G1 or G2 allows errors to persist, potentially leading to cancer.
Tips
A common mistake is assuming that cell growth itself is damaging. It's the unchecked and rapid division due to cycle disruptions, rather than normal growth, that poses risks.
Sources
- Intracellular Control of Cell-Cycle Events - NCBI - ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Phases of the cell cycle (article) | Khan Academy - khanacademy.org
- Cell cycle checkpoints (article) | Khan Academy - khanacademy.org
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