Transport Processes: Describe the direction of movement of molecules, energy requirements, protein carrier requirements, and give examples for diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffu... Transport Processes: Describe the direction of movement of molecules, energy requirements, protein carrier requirements, and give examples for diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion, active transport, phagocytosis, pinocytosis, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and exocytosis.
Understand the Problem
The text provides a detailed breakdown of various transport processes in biology, highlighting their characteristics such as direction of movement, energy requirements, protein carrier involvement, and examples for each type of transport process.
Answer
Diffusion: High to low, no energy; Osmosis: Water diffusion, no energy; Facilitated Diffusion: High to low with proteins, no energy; Active Transport: Against gradient, needs energy; Phagocytosis, Pinocytosis, Receptor-mediated Endocytosis, Exocytosis: Need energy.
The final answer is:
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Diffusion: Movement from high to low concentration, no energy or carrier needed. Example: Oxygen transport.
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Osmosis: Special type of diffusion for water, no energy or carrier needed. Example: Water absorption by plant roots.
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Facilitated Diffusion: Movement from high to low concentration with help of carrier proteins, no energy needed. Example: Glucose transport.
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Active Transport: Movement against concentration gradient, requires energy and carrier proteins. Example: Sodium-potassium pump.
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Phagocytosis: Cell engulfs particles, requires energy. Example: White blood cells consuming bacteria.
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Pinocytosis: Cell ingests liquid, requires energy. Example: Nutrient absorption in intestines.
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Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis: Specific molecules ingested after binding to receptors, requires energy. Example: Cholesterol uptake by cells.
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Exocytosis: Release of substances out of cell, requires energy. Example: Neurotransmitter release by neurons.
Answer for screen readers
The final answer is:
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Diffusion: Movement from high to low concentration, no energy or carrier needed. Example: Oxygen transport.
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Osmosis: Special type of diffusion for water, no energy or carrier needed. Example: Water absorption by plant roots.
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Facilitated Diffusion: Movement from high to low concentration with help of carrier proteins, no energy needed. Example: Glucose transport.
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Active Transport: Movement against concentration gradient, requires energy and carrier proteins. Example: Sodium-potassium pump.
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Phagocytosis: Cell engulfs particles, requires energy. Example: White blood cells consuming bacteria.
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Pinocytosis: Cell ingests liquid, requires energy. Example: Nutrient absorption in intestines.
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Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis: Specific molecules ingested after binding to receptors, requires energy. Example: Cholesterol uptake by cells.
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Exocytosis: Release of substances out of cell, requires energy. Example: Neurotransmitter release by neurons.
More Information
The cell membrane's selective permeability is essential for maintaining homeostasis, allowing cells to control their internal environment and interact with their surroundings.
Tips
A common mistake is confusing active transport (energy required) with passive transport (no energy). Remember, active transport moves molecules against their gradient.
Sources
- Passive transport and active transport across a cell membrane article - khanacademy.org
- 5.7: Cell Transport - Biology LibreTexts - bio.libretexts.org
- 3.6 Active Transport – Concepts of Biology – 1st Canadian Edition - opentextbc.ca
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