summarize the following in bullet points: Psychotic Dimension. Psychotic dimension refers to hallucinations and delusions and reflects a person's confusion or loss of touch with th... summarize the following in bullet points: Psychotic Dimension. Psychotic dimension refers to hallucinations and delusions and reflects a person's confusion or loss of touch with the external world. Hallucinations and delusions are classified as positive symptoms and are the most common in schizophrenia. Hallucinations: A hallucination is a perception experienced without external stimulation of the sense organs. Sensory hallucinations can be auditory, tactile, visual, gustatory, and olfactory. For example, the individual with schizophrenia may hear voices, experience touch or electrical sensations, report images of animate and inanimate objects, or complain of unpleasant tastes and odors. These hallucinations may occur alone or together. Delusions: A delusion is a persistent belief contrary to the educational and cultural background of the individual. Delusions may involve grandiose, nihilistic, persecutory, somatic, sexual, and religious themes. Paranoid beliefs are common and may involve spying, conspiracy, persecution, and ridicule. Delusions also may be referential in that particular stimuli or events become highly personalized, such as believing a television talk show host is directing information specifically at them. Disorganized Behavior: Disorganized behavior includes disorganized speech and disorganized or bizarre behavior. Incongruity of affect is another dimension of disorganized behavior. Disorganized speech: A common form of disorganized speech is formal thought disorder, which involves fluent speech that is difficult to comprehend. The speech often moves from one topic to another unexpectedly (loose associations) and illogically, and the person becomes easily distracted when talking. Another form of disorganized speech is called poverty of content. Here, the use of vocabularies to convey information is severely hindered despite a fair amount of spoken words. For instance, the same phrases are used repeatedly throughout a conversation. Disorganized behavior: Disorganized (or bizarre) behavior is the conceptual equivalent of disorganized speech. The individual has difficulty engaging in goal-directed activities. Repetitive (e.g., stereotyped rocking) or aimless behavior and poor personal hygiene are exhibited. Another feature is the incongruity of affect or the manifestation of inappropriate situational affect as exemplified by hostility without provocation or child-like silliness in sober situations. Negative Dimensions: Negative dimensions reflect a deficit in normal functioning and are characterized by affective flattening, anhedonia, alogia (poverty of speech), and avolition. Affective flattening is the near absence of emotional or facial expressions throughout a conversation or in different situations. In anhedonia, individuals are unable to experience emotions such as pleasure or pain and report a sense of detachment from the environment. Alogia is the absence of spontaneous speech production for the purpose of answering questions or expressing oneself. Avolition is a deficit in spontaneous or goal-directed behavior, such as completing simple daily tasks. Read more