MANDATORY Midterm Study Guide: US History (50 pts) Test Date: Thursday, October 3rd during class Vocabulary: Any term that is on Unit 4 vocabulary. There will be a word bank provid... MANDATORY Midterm Study Guide: US History (50 pts) Test Date: Thursday, October 3rd during class Vocabulary: Any term that is on Unit 4 vocabulary. There will be a word bank provided on the test. Main Ideas: Answer the following questions using your notes and other classwork assignments. 4.1: Social Reform Movements What was the temperance movement? Bring awareness of alcohol being abused, they wanted to prohibit the drinking of alcohol. Which person started to change the fight for women’s suffrage? (Hint: she also planned the Seneca Falls Convention) Elizabeth Cady Stanton What was the Second Great Awakening? How did it affect the other movements (temperance, abolition) at the time? Hint: think about the importance of religion Revitalized interest in religion Preached individual responsibility for seeking salvation and said that all people could improve themselves and society. ****This movement influenced almost all of the other social reform movements. What book upset Northerners about the conditions of slavery? Who wrote it? The Northerners were upset by the novel “Old Tom's Cabin” Harriet Beecher wrote.. What happened at John Brown’s Raid on Harpers Ferry? (Hint: last slide of 4.1 notes) John Brown took him and his 5 sons to raid Harpers Ferry. He believed that once they started fighting for the slaves, the slaves would help and join with John Brown and his “party.” However, none of the slaves ended up helping out. His sons passed away and John Brown was convicted and sentenced to death. 4.2: Division What was “Bleeding Kansas”? A series of violent political confrontations involving anti-slavery free-staters and pro-slavery supporters. How did the Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 shake up the debate over slavery? The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 shook up the debate over slavery because they needed to decide whether or not they would be free states or slave states. Describe the Free Soil Position when it came to the expansion of slavery. The Free Soil Position was okay with the states that already used slavery, but they did not want slavery to expand into the new territories. What is the background of the Dred Scott case? What did the Supreme Court ultimately decide? Dred Scott’s owner passed away and fled to the North, which should have left Dred Scott a free man. Scott and his wife sued because they claimed they were in a free territory without owners, so they should be free. The Supreme Court ultimately was against it, and Scott lost the case. What did the Dred Scott Supreme Court decision lead to regarding Congress & slavery? It further called into question the principle of popular sovereignty. It led to the Democratic party splitting along sectional lines. 4.3: Secession How many weeks after Lincoln’s election did it take for the country to break into war? 5 weeks. What is secession? How long did it take? How many southern states left the union? The withdrawal from the Union of 11 Southern states in the period 1860-61 Where were the physical first shots of the Civil War? (Hint: it is in South Carolina) The first physical shots of the Civil War were in Fort Sumter.. What were the FIVE reasons southern secession led to war? (Hint: Slide 6) Secession challenged democracy, Southern American leaders decided to leave the Union bc. They were dissatisfied with the election (Abe) Southerners worried Lincoln would free slaves. Lincoln pledged to preserve the Union and democracy. Confederates fired on federal troops at Fort Sumter. What state was Robert E. Lee from? Why is that important? Virginia, when his state voted to secede, Lee chose to support the Confederacy. Roughly how many US officers left to go fight for the confederacy? One-third of the Union’s military officers chose to support the Confederacy. Who was the president of the confederacy? Jefferson Davis was the president of the confederacy. 4.4: Civil War North or South: Who had a larger population? Why is that important? North, they can raise a bigger army and help in supplying conflict. North or South: Who had a better weapons production? Why does that matter? North, almost all of the country’s firearms and gunpowder were produced in the North. North or South: Who had the advantage when it came to food supply? South. North or South: Who had more money? Why is that important? North. They could continue to collect money from tariffs. What did the Legal Tender Act of 1862 create? The Legal Tender Act of 1862 created greenbacks (paper money.) How were the politics divided in the North? (Hint: Slide 10) There were War Democrats, who supported the Civil War, and there were Copperheads, who opposed the war, but wanted reconciliation. What was conscription in the Civil War? Conscription was the draft in the Civil War. How did other countries play a role in the Civil War? What did the North want? What did the South want? (Hint: Slide 14) Lincoln didn’t want Europe to see the Confederate States as an Independent country. The South wanted the British navy to help the South in the war. Southern planters stopped selling the country to pressure France and Britain. What was the Anaconda Plan? Included a blockade of Confederate ports and sending gunboats down the Mississippi to divide the Confederacy. Why did Jefferson Davis and Robert E. Lee want to invade the North? (Hint: 3 reasons, slide 20) Convince the Union to accept the South’s independence, gain help from Britain, and Help the Peace Democrats of Congress in upcoming elections. What are TWO reasons the Battle of Antietam was important? It was the bloodiest one-day battle of the war, and the defeat convinced Lincoln that it was time to end slavery in the South, What was the Emancipation Proclamation? Did it free slaves EVERYWHERE? How does this change the goal of the war? It was a decree to free all enslaved persons in states still in rebellion. It did not free slaves EVERYWHERE, just slaves in rebellion. It changed from a war to preserve the Union to the freedom of slaves. What is total war? Total war is bringing the terrors of war to the common man, and city. It brought war the children, women, and elderly. Describe Sherman’s March to the Sea. Movement of the Union army troops of General Sherman to the Georgia seacoast, with the object of destroying Confederate supplies. The purpose was to frighten Georgia’s civilian population into abandoning the Confederate cause. Where and when was the end of the Civil War? The end of the Civil war was at Appomattox Court House, Virginia on April 9, 1865. Who assassinated Lincoln? Where was it? How many days after the end of the war? William Booth assassinated Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre. It was six days after the end of the war. 5.1: Reconstruction Who was Andrew Johnson: office, political party, characteristics? 17th President, Democrat, slave owner, sympathetic to the south. Where (North or South) was most of the physical damage located after the Civil War? Why? The south, the civil war was mostly fought in the south, and because of Total War. What was the goal/purpose of Reconstruction? The re-establishment of full participation of the southern states in the Union based on the south’s acceptance of the outcome of the war, including the liberation of their slaves. Why was the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 (aka Congressional Reconstruction) so important? Reconstruction was NO longer in the hands of the President. Who were radical republicans? What did they believe regarding Johnson? A faction of the Republican party who wanted to punish the South for the war by holding them financially and morally responsible. How many military districts was the former Confederacy divided into following Congressional Reconstruction? 5 What is the 13th Amendment? Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. What is the 14th Amendment? All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any State deprive any person of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws. What is the 15th Amendment? “The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.” What were black codes? How did they affect African Americans in the South? Any code of law that defined and especially limited the rights of former slaves after the Civil War. Freedmen were not to be taught to read or write, they could not assemble without the presence of a white person, their employment was required, etc. How did some southern citizens respond to Reconstruction policies? They engaged in violence against freedmen. The creation of the Ku Klux Klan because a way southerners resisted Reconstruction policies aimed at getting some sort of equality for freedmen, America: The Story of Us – “Civil War” What percentage of the US population died during the Civil War? 2% of the US population died during the Civil War. What role did the railroad play in the Civil War? The railroad allowed supplies to travel to the Northern soldiers as well as transport soldiers. What was the first tool of mass communication? How did President Lincoln use it during the Civil War? The first tool of mass communication was the telegraph. President Lincoln used it to talk to his Generals on the front lines. What was the most common surgery done during the Civil War? How many were done during the war? The most common surgery done during the Civil war were amputations. Over 60,000 amputations were done. Who was Clara Barton? Why is she so famous? Clara Barton was an army nurse without training. She went on to form the American Red Cross. How many Black Americans fought for the North during the Civil War? 200,000 Black Americans fought for the North during the Civil War. Read more