I = ∫ t^2 dt; I = ∫ t + 2 dt; I = -1/t + C; I = -1/(cos x - sin x); I = ∫ sin^3 x + cos^2 x dx; I = ∫ tan x sec x + tan x cot x cos x dx; I = ∫ sin(cos x) dx, and more.

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Understand the Problem

The image contains mathematical expressions and integrals that appear to be focused on integration techniques and problems, likely for calculus. The question is asking for clarifications or solutions related to these integrals.

Answer

1. \( I_1 = \frac{t^{3}}{3} + C_1 \) 2. \( I_2 = \frac{t^{2}}{2} + 2t + C_2 \) 3. \( I_3 = -\ln |t| + C_3 \) 4. \( I_4 = -\ln |\cos x - \sin x| + C_4 \) 5. \( I_5 = -\frac{1}{3}\cos^3 x + \frac{x}{2} + \frac{1}{4}\sin(2x) + C_5 \) 6. \( I_6 = \sec x - \ln |\cos x| + C_6 \) 7. \( I_7 \text{ does not have a closed form.} \)
Answer for screen readers

The solutions to the integrals are as follows:

  1. ( I_1 = \frac{t^{3}}{3} + C_1 )
  2. ( I_2 = \frac{t^{2}}{2} + 2t + C_2 )
  3. ( I_3 = -\ln |t| + C_3 )
  4. ( I_4 = -\ln |\cos x - \sin x| + C_4 )
  5. ( I_5 = -\frac{1}{3}\cos^3 x + \frac{x}{2} + \frac{1}{4}\sin(2x) + C_5 )
  6. ( I_6 = \sec x - \ln |\cos x| + C_6 )
  7. ( I_7 \text{ does not have a closed form.} )

Steps to Solve

  1. Integrate each expression separately

We can integrate each expression in the integral one by one.

  1. First integral: $I_1 = \int t^2 , dt$

Using the power rule of integration: $$ I_1 = \frac{t^{3}}{3} + C_1 $$

  1. Second integral: $I_2 = \int (t + 2) , dt$

Split the integral: $$ I_2 = \int t , dt + \int 2 , dt $$ Integrating each part: $$ I_2 = \frac{t^{2}}{2} + 2t + C_2 $$

  1. Third integral: $I_3 = \int \frac{-1}{t} , dt$

This integral results in: $$ I_3 = -\ln |t| + C_3 $$

  1. Fourth integral: $I_4 = \int \frac{-1}{\cos x - \sin x} , dx$

This is a bit complex; we can use substitution or a direct integration approach. Letting $u = \cos x - \sin x$, gives: $$ I_4 = -\ln |\cos x - \sin x| + C_4 $$

  1. Fifth integral: $I_5 = \int (\sin^3 x + \cos^2 x) , dx$

We can break it down:

  • For $\int \sin^3 x , dx$ we can use the identity $\sin^3 x = (1 - \cos^2 x)\sin x$ and apply substitution.
  • For $\int \cos^2 x , dx$, we can apply the identity $\cos^2 x = \frac{1 + \cos(2x)}{2}$.

After integration: $$ I_5 = -\frac{1}{3}\cos^3 x + \frac{x}{2} + \frac{1}{4}\sin(2x) + C_5 $$

  1. Sixth integral: $I_6 = \int (\tan x \sec x + \tan x \cot x \cos x) , dx$

This can be simplified: $$ I_6 = \int \tan x \sec x , dx + \int \tan x , dx $$ Using the fact that $\int \tan x \sec x , dx = \sec x$ and $\int \tan x , dx = -\ln |\cos x|$, we get: $$ I_6 = \sec x - \ln |\cos x| + C_6 $$

  1. Seventh integral: $I_7 = \int \sin(\cos x) , dx$

This integral doesn’t have a simple antiderivative and generally would be evaluated numerically or with series expansions unless specified otherwise: $$ I_7 \text{ does not have a closed form.} $$

The solutions to the integrals are as follows:

  1. ( I_1 = \frac{t^{3}}{3} + C_1 )
  2. ( I_2 = \frac{t^{2}}{2} + 2t + C_2 )
  3. ( I_3 = -\ln |t| + C_3 )
  4. ( I_4 = -\ln |\cos x - \sin x| + C_4 )
  5. ( I_5 = -\frac{1}{3}\cos^3 x + \frac{x}{2} + \frac{1}{4}\sin(2x) + C_5 )
  6. ( I_6 = \sec x - \ln |\cos x| + C_6 )
  7. ( I_7 \text{ does not have a closed form.} )

More Information

These integrals utilize various techniques including substitution, integration by parts, and the use of trigonometric identities. Some integrals have standard forms while others do not yield simple expressions.

Tips

  • Forgetting to add the constant of integration ( C ) after integrating.
  • Confusing the rules of integration, especially for trigonometric functions.
  • Not simplifying complex expressions can lead to errors in the final answer.

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