How do trypanosomes survive for years in the bloodstream?
Understand the Problem
The question is asking about the survival mechanisms of trypanosomes in the bloodstream, particularly focusing on how they evade the host's immune system and persist over a long duration.
Answer
Antigenic variation and immune system evasion.
Trypanosomes survive in the bloodstream for years using two main mechanisms: antigenic variation and neutralization/avoidance of host immune responses.
Answer for screen readers
Trypanosomes survive in the bloodstream for years using two main mechanisms: antigenic variation and neutralization/avoidance of host immune responses.
More Information
Trypanosomes survive by frequently changing their variable surface glycoproteins, which prevents the host's immune system from recognizing and attacking them effectively. Additionally, they can neutralize and avoid immune proteins, such as trypanolytic factors in the bloodstream.
Tips
A common mistake is to assume that trypanosomes passively avoid the immune system; in truth, they actively change their surface proteins to evade detection.
Sources
- The web page with info on Trypanosomes - PMC - pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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