Define the following terms as they relate to archaeology as a source of history: a) Prehistoric Archaeology b) Ethnoarchaeology c) Classical Archaeology d) Anthropology e) Maritime... Define the following terms as they relate to archaeology as a source of history: a) Prehistoric Archaeology b) Ethnoarchaeology c) Classical Archaeology d) Anthropology e) Maritime Archaeology. 2 (a) Define the prehistoric era of human history. (b) Explain civilization as a relative concept. (c) Discuss three periodizations of humankind prehistory. 3 (a) Define a kingdom and explain how it differs from an empire. (b) Name five pre-colonial African empires or kingdoms. (c) List and explain five criteria to assess pre-colonial African civilizations. 4 Describe five factors that may have led to the fall of the Ghana Empire. 5 Explain five factors that contributed to the rise of the Great Zimbabwe Empire. Read more

Prehistoric archaeology, ethnoarchaeology, classical archaeology, anthropology, and maritime archaeology are branches of archaeology. Prehistoric era is pre-writing. Civilization is a relative concept. Human prehistory divides into Stone, Bronze, and Iron Ages. Kingdom differs from empire in size and rule. Notable pre-colonial African empires and civilizations are assessed via social, economic, and cultural criteria.

Prehistoric archaeology studies human history before writing. Ethnoarchaeology involves studying living cultures similar to past societies to understand ancient human behavior. Classical archaeology deals with ancient Mediterranean civilizations like Greece and Rome. Anthropology is the broader study of humans. Maritime archaeology explores underwater human history. The prehistoric era refers to the time before written records. Civilization is relative, varying by context and perspective. Humankind's prehistory is often divided into the Stone Age, Bronze Age, and Iron Age. A kingdom is a territory ruled by a king or queen, while an empire is a large political unit with extensive territories. Pre-colonial African empires include Mali, Ghana, Songhai, Benin, and Great Zimbabwe. Criteria for assessing pre-colonial civilizations include social structure, economy, governance, culture, and technology. Factors in the fall of the Ghana Empire include drought, wars, loss of trade routes, decline in resources, and internal strife. The Great Zimbabwe Empire rose due to trade, agriculture, mining, political organization, and military strength.