1. Incidental (accidental) parasite definition 2. Amoebiasis definition 3. Parasitism definition 4. Intermediate host definition 5. Encystation definition 6. Cercaria larva definit... 1. Incidental (accidental) parasite definition 2. Amoebiasis definition 3. Parasitism definition 4. Intermediate host definition 5. Encystation definition 6. Cercaria larva definition 7. Ascaris lumbricoides definition 8. Balantidium coli definition 9. Definitive host definition 10. Add a note on the morphological differences in amastigotes and promastigotes forms of Leishmania 11. Add a note on extra intestinal amoebiasis 12. Briefly describe the egg or nits stage of pediculus species 13. Give a flow chart of asexual phase of life cycle of plasmodium species 14. Give a flow chart of sexual phase of life cycle of plasmodium species 15. Add a brief note on the Fasciola hepatica 16. Write a paragraph on the life cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides 17. Briefly describe the pre-erythrocytic cycle of plasmodium species 18. Add a brief note on the trematodes characteristics 19. Give a brief account on the classification of helminths parasite. Draw a flow chart of life cycle of Entamoeba histolytica 20. What are the differences between hard and soft ticks? 21. Which of the following is an infective stage of plasmodium species for human beings? 29. Cercaria larvae belong to which of the following parasite? 30. Paragonimus species is a? 31. Cysticercosis is a zoonotic infection caused by which of the following organisms? Read more

Answers provided for each question with definitions and brief notes.

Here are concise answers to your questions:

1. Incidental (accidental) parasite: A parasite that accidentally infects a host in which it does not normally live or develop.

2. Amoebiasis: An intestinal infection caused by the parasite Entamoeba histolytica.

3. Parasitism: A relationship where one organism, the parasite, lives on or inside another organism, the host, causing it harm.

4. Intermediate host: A host that harbors the parasite only for a short transition period, in which some development occurs.

5. Encystation: The process by which a parasitic organism forms a cyst to protect itself from the environment.

6. Cercaria larva: The free-swimming larval stage of certain parasitic flukes.

7. Ascaris lumbricoides: A roundworm that causes ascariasis, a type of intestinal infection.

8. Balantidium coli: A ciliate protozoan parasite that causes balantidiasis, usually an asymptomatic infection.

9. Definitive host: The host in which the parasite reaches maturity and, if applicable, reproduces sexually.

10. Morphological Differences:

    • Amastigotes: Oval shape, no flagella.
    • Promastigotes: Elongated body, single flagellum.

11. Extraintestinal Amoebiasis: Occurs when Entamoeba histolytica spreads beyond the intestines, often resulting in liver abscesses.

12. Egg/Nit Stage of Pediculus Species: Small, oval, and typically glued to hair shafts, leading to lice infestation.

13. Asexual Phase Flow Chart:

    • Sporozoites enter hepatocytes -> schizont -> merozoites released into bloodstream -> infect red blood cells.

14. Sexual Phase Flow Chart:

    • Gametocytes ingested by mosquito -> development in mosquito -> sporozoites migrate to mosquito salivary glands.

15. Fasciola hepatica: Also known as the liver fluke; it infects the liver of various mammals, including humans.

16. Life Cycle of Ascaris lumbricoides: Eggs are ingested -> larvae hatch in intestines -> migrate to lungs -> return to intestines to mature.

17. Pre-erythrocytic Cycle: Plasmodium sporozoites enter liver cells, undergo multiplication, and release merozoites into the bloodstream.

18. Trematodes Characteristics: Flukes with complex life cycles, often involving multiple hosts including snails; flat, leaf-like bodies.

19. Helminths Classification:

    • Platyhelminths (flatworms)
    • Nematodes (roundworms).

20. Hard vs. Soft Ticks:

    • Hard ticks: Rigid scutum, larger feeding time.
    • Soft ticks: Lack scutum, feeds faster.

21. Infective Stage of Plasmodium: Sporozoite.

22. Cercaria Larvae Parasite: Fasciola hepatica.

23. Paragonimus Species: Lung fluke.

24. Cysticercosis: Caused by Taenia solium.