Zamindari System and Agriculture in India
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Zamindari System and Agriculture in India

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Questions and Answers

What was the primary role of the zamindars in the zamindari system?

  • To improve agricultural practices
  • To produce food crops
  • To provide loans to farmers
  • To collect revenue from farmers (correct)

    • Commercialization of agriculture led farmers to focus primarily on food crops.

    False

    What was one significant reason for low productivity in Indian agriculture during the colonial period?

    Lack of irrigation facilities

    The zamindari system led to the transfer of ownership rights from farmers to __________.

    <p>zamindars</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their descriptions:

    <p>Commercialization of Agriculture = Production of crops for sale. Zamindari System = Land tenure system transferring rights to zamindars. Irrigation Issues = Dependency on rainfall leading to uncertainty. Low Productivity = Result of lack of technology and fertilizers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the literacy rate during the colonial period?

    <p>Less than 16%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The female literacy rate during the colonial period was approximately 7%.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the infant mortality rate during the colonial period?

    <p>218 per thousand live births</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The average life expectancy during colonial rule was as low as __________ years.

    <p>32</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following sectors with their description of employment percentage:

    <p>Primary Sector = 72.7% Secondary Sector = 9% Tertiary Sector = In its infant stage Agriculture = Principal source of occupation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many years is the current overall life expectancy in India?

    <p>69 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The majority of the working population in India was engaged in industrial sectors at the time of independence.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'occupational structure' refer to?

    <p>Distribution of working population across sectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary export of India during the colonial period?

    <p>Raw materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    India had a favorable trade balance during British colonial rule.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caused the economic decline in India during British rule?

    <p>Discriminatory trade and tariff policies of the British.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During colonial rule, India was primarily an exporter of __________ and an importer of finished goods.

    <p>raw materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following demographic indicators with their significance:

    <p>High birth rate = Indicates poverty and lack of resources High death rate = Suggests poor healthcare and living conditions Export surplus = Benefited the British economy more than India's Monopoly control = Limited trade opportunities for India</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a major consequence of the high birth and death rates during the colonial period?

    <p>Massive poverty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The opening of the Suez Canal benefited India by increasing trade with various countries.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the approximate birth rate in India during the colonial period?

    <p>48 per thousand</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the main reason for the decline of Indian handicraft industries during the colonial period?

    <p>British destruction of handicrafts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The introduction of a discriminatory tariff policy favored Indian handicrafts over British manufactured goods.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact did rainfall variability have on agricultural output during the colonial period?

    <p>It caused high levels of uncertainty in agricultural output.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The British aimed to reduce India to a mere exporter of __________ to their industries.

    <p>raw materials</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following due to colonial rule with their effects:

    <p>Decline of Handicrafts = Increased dependence on British goods Discriminatory Tariff Policy = Lower export of Indian handicrafts Low-priced Machine-made Goods = Reduced demand for local crafts Changing Tastes and Preferences = Shift towards British products</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant factor contributing to the low contribution of the industrial sector to India's GDP?

    <p>Failure to industrialize effectively</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The growth rate of the industrial sector during colonial rule was remarkably high.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect did capital goods industries have on industrialization in India during the colonial period?

    <p>They were virtually nonexistent, promoting dependency on British capital goods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Zamindari System

    • The Zamindars were responsible for collecting revenue from farmers and paying it to the British East India Company.
    • The Zamindari system led to the transfer of ownership rights from farmers to the Zamindars.

    Commercialization of Agriculture

    • Commercialization of agriculture led farmers to focus primarily on food crops, neglecting other crops and hindering diversification.

    Low Productivity in Colonial Agriculture

    • One significant reason for low productivity in Indian agriculture during the colonial period was the lack of investment in infrastructure and technology.

    Demographic Indicators

    • The literacy rate during the colonial period was very low.
    • The female literacy rate during the colonial period was approximately 7%.
    • The infant mortality rate during the colonial period was high.
    • The average life expectancy during colonial rule was as low as 25 years.

    Occupational Structure

    • The term 'occupational structure' refers to the distribution of the working population across different sectors of the economy.
    • The majority of the working population in India was engaged in the agricultural sector at the time of independence.

    Economic Decline During Colonial Rule

    • India had an unfavorable trade balance during British colonial rule, as it was exporting raw materials and importing finished goods.
    • The economic decline in India during British rule was caused by various factors including exploitation of resources, suppression of Indian industries, and a discriminatory economic policy.

    Birth and Death Rates

    • The high birth and death rates during the colonial period resulted in a high rate of population growth.

    Impact of Rainfall Variability

    • Rainfall variability had a significant impact on agricultural output during the colonial period, leading to frequent famines.

    Industrial Sector

    • The growth rate of the industrial sector during colonial rule was low.
    • A significant factor contributing to the low contribution of the industrial sector to India's GDP was the lack of investment in capital goods industries.
    • The presence of capital goods industries would have accelerated industrialization by enabling the production of machinery and equipment.

    Trade and Export

    • India was primarily an exporter of raw materials and an importer of finished goods during colonial rule.
    • The British aimed to reduce India to a mere exporter of raw materials to their industries.

    Suez Canal

    • The opening of the Suez Canal benefited India by increasing trade with various countries.

    Decline of Indian Handicrafts

    • The decline of Indian handicraft industries during the colonial period was mainly due to competition from British manufactured goods.

    Colonial Rule Effects

    • British policies led to the decline of Indian industries, while promoting the growth of British industries.
    • These policies led to the economic exploitation of India's resources, which benefited Britain.
    • The introduction of a discriminatory tariff policy favored British manufactured goods over Indian handicrafts.
    • The colonial rule led to a shift in India's economic structure, where agriculture became the dominant sector.

    Life Expectancy

    • The current overall life expectancy in India is more than 70 years.

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    Description

    Explore the impact of the Zamindari system on Indian agriculture, including the commercialization of cash crops and low productivity levels. This quiz delves into how farmers were affected by colonial policies and the economic dynamics of the land tenure system. Test your knowledge about this crucial period in Indian agricultural history.

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