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What was the primary reason for stagnation in the agricultural sector during the colonial period?
What was the primary reason for stagnation in the agricultural sector during the colonial period?
Under the zamindari system, who was the primary beneficiary of agricultural profits?
Under the zamindari system, who was the primary beneficiary of agricultural profits?
What was the main approach taken by many zamindars towards agriculture?
What was the main approach taken by many zamindars towards agriculture?
Which factor contributed to the plight of farmers and low agricultural yield?
Which factor contributed to the plight of farmers and low agricultural yield?
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What was the consequence of the fixed revenue deposit dates under the zamindari system?
What was the consequence of the fixed revenue deposit dates under the zamindari system?
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Apart from the zamindari system, what other factor exacerbated the agriculture stagnation?
Apart from the zamindari system, what other factor exacerbated the agriculture stagnation?
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What resulted from the commercialization of agriculture in some areas?
What resulted from the commercialization of agriculture in some areas?
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Which of the following describes the overall impact of the land settlement systems introduced by the British?
Which of the following describes the overall impact of the land settlement systems introduced by the British?
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What was a primary goal of the British colonial government's industrial policy in India?
What was a primary goal of the British colonial government's industrial policy in India?
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Which of these industries saw a reduction during British colonial rule in India?
Which of these industries saw a reduction during British colonial rule in India?
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Where were most of the cotton textile mills primarily dominated by Indians, established during the colonial period?
Where were most of the cotton textile mills primarily dominated by Indians, established during the colonial period?
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Which industry was predominantly owned and managed by foreigners in Colonial India?
Which industry was predominantly owned and managed by foreigners in Colonial India?
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When was the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) incorporated?
When was the Tata Iron and Steel Company (TISCO) incorporated?
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What was a significant limitation of India's industrial development during the colonial period?
What was a significant limitation of India's industrial development during the colonial period?
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What is the main purpose of a 'capital goods industry'?
What is the main purpose of a 'capital goods industry'?
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Which of these industries was NOT mentioned as emerging during or after the Second World War?
Which of these industries was NOT mentioned as emerging during or after the Second World War?
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What was the primary objective of British colonial economic policies in India?
What was the primary objective of British colonial economic policies in India?
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Before independence, what was a significant industrial characteristic of the Indian economy alongside agriculture?
Before independence, what was a significant industrial characteristic of the Indian economy alongside agriculture?
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What was 'Daccai Muslin' primarily known for?
What was 'Daccai Muslin' primarily known for?
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What does the term 'malmal shahi' or 'malmal khas' indicate about the muslin?
What does the term 'malmal shahi' or 'malmal khas' indicate about the muslin?
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Besides cotton and silk textiles, for which other products were Indian handicraft industries particularly known?
Besides cotton and silk textiles, for which other products were Indian handicraft industries particularly known?
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What was the general consideration concerning the economic policies of the colonial government in India?
What was the general consideration concerning the economic policies of the colonial government in India?
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Who was R.C. Desai, according to the context?
Who was R.C. Desai, according to the context?
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What does the context indicate about India's economy during the colonial period, regarding its aggregate output?
What does the context indicate about India's economy during the colonial period, regarding its aggregate output?
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What was a major consequence of poor public health infrastructure in India during the colonial period?
What was a major consequence of poor public health infrastructure in India during the colonial period?
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What was the approximate percentage of the workforce engaged in the agricultural sector in India at the time of independence?
What was the approximate percentage of the workforce engaged in the agricultural sector in India at the time of independence?
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Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the road construction undertaken by the British in India?
Which of the following best describes the primary purpose of the road construction undertaken by the British in India?
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What characterized the occupational structure of India at the time of independence?
What characterized the occupational structure of India at the time of independence?
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What was a significant deficiency of the Indian infrastructure during the colonial period?
What was a significant deficiency of the Indian infrastructure during the colonial period?
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Besides agriculture, what other sectors were prevalent in employment, and what percentage of the workforce did they employ?
Besides agriculture, what other sectors were prevalent in employment, and what percentage of the workforce did they employ?
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What was the main purpose of developing a telegraph system in India under colonial rule?
What was the main purpose of developing a telegraph system in India under colonial rule?
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According to the text what typically happened during natural calamities in areas with poor infrastructure, like the lack of all-weather roads?
According to the text what typically happened during natural calamities in areas with poor infrastructure, like the lack of all-weather roads?
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What was a primary limitation of the inland waterways system during the British colonial period?
What was a primary limitation of the inland waterways system during the British colonial period?
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The establishment of the electric telegraph system in India during British rule primarily served to:
The establishment of the electric telegraph system in India during British rule primarily served to:
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What characterises the state of the Indian agricultural sector by the time of independence from British rule?
What characterises the state of the Indian agricultural sector by the time of independence from British rule?
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How was the Indian foreign trade oriented under British rule?
How was the Indian foreign trade oriented under British rule?
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What was the main issue with the postal services under British rule?
What was the main issue with the postal services under British rule?
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Which of the following best describes a major challenge that faced India's infrastructure at the time of independence?
Which of the following best describes a major challenge that faced India's infrastructure at the time of independence?
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The Coast Canal in Orissa was ultimately abandoned because:
The Coast Canal in Orissa was ultimately abandoned because:
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Based on the provided text, what can be inferred about the Indian economy upon independence?
Based on the provided text, what can be inferred about the Indian economy upon independence?
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What was a major impact of British rule on traditional Indian handicrafts?
What was a major impact of British rule on traditional Indian handicrafts?
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Which of the following best describes the British motives behind infrastructure development in India?
Which of the following best describes the British motives behind infrastructure development in India?
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What is meant by the 'drain of Indian wealth' during the colonial period?
What is meant by the 'drain of Indian wealth' during the colonial period?
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What is considered a key indicator for marking the demographic transition from its first to its second decisive stage during the colonial period?
What is considered a key indicator for marking the demographic transition from its first to its second decisive stage during the colonial period?
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Which of the following best describes India's occupational structure before independence?
Which of the following best describes India's occupational structure before independence?
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What was one of the major economic challenges India faced at the time of independence?
What was one of the major economic challenges India faced at the time of independence?
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When was the first official census operation conducted in India?
When was the first official census operation conducted in India?
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Which statement best describes the direction of trade at the time of Indian independence?
Which statement best describes the direction of trade at the time of Indian independence?
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Study Notes
Unit I: Development Policies and Experience (1947-90)
- The unit provides an overview of the Indian economy pre- and post-independence (1947-1990).
- The government's economic policies after independence, including the establishment of the Planning Commission and the introduction of five-year plans, are discussed.
- The unit critically analyses the merits and limitations of planned development.
Indian Economy on the Eve of Independence
- The Indian economy in 1947 was largely agrarian, with agriculture being the primary source of livelihood for most of the population.
- Manufacturing activities, including handicrafts, were also present but not as developed as in other countries.
- The British colonial policies significantly impacted Indian economy.
- These policies aimed to turn India into a supplier of raw materials.
- The colonial policies discouraged the development of Indian industries.
Colonial Rule and Low Level of Economic Development
- Before British rule, India had a functioning independent economy.
- During the colonial period, India's economy became heavily dependent on supplying raw materials to Britain.
- The British policies led to underdevelopment and stagnation of the Indian economy during the late 19th and 20th centuries.
Agricultural Sector
- The agricultural sector was crucial in the pre-independence economy.
- India's agricultural landscape experienced stagnation under the British rule.
- The use of technology and improved yields was not prioritised.
- Several challenges like lack of technology, irrigation, and fertilizer use hampered agricultural production.
Industrial Sector
- The industrial sector remained underdeveloped under colonial rule.
- Colonial policies focused on making India a supplier of raw materials rather than developing manufacturing.
- Focus was placed on the development of raw material-related industries.
- Traditional handicraft industries declined as modern industries emerged.
Infrastructure
- Basic infrastructure like railways, ports, and waterways existed, but their development was largely for the benefit of the British.
- The colonial government wasn't very concerned about the local Indian population's infrastructure needs.
- Roads were constructed mainly for military and administrative purposes.
- The British did develop some infrastructure that benefited India in the long run.
Foreign Trade
- India's foreign trade largely benefited Great Britain during colonial rule.
- India's trade largely involved exporting raw materials and importing finished goods.
- An understanding of India's economy before independence is necessary to comprehensively understand the state of development afterward.
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Description
Explore the implications of colonial agricultural policies during the British rule in India. This quiz covers key elements such as the zamindari system, agricultural stagnation, and the impact of land settlement systems. Test your knowledge on how these factors influenced the farming landscape in colonial India.
