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Questions and Answers
What electoral system was prescribed in the 2016 amended constitution of Zambia?
What electoral system was prescribed in the 2016 amended constitution of Zambia?
Which of the following activities is prohibited by the electoral code of conduct in Zambia?
Which of the following activities is prohibited by the electoral code of conduct in Zambia?
How often are general elections held in Zambia to elect the president, members of parliament, and ward councilors?
How often are general elections held in Zambia to elect the president, members of parliament, and ward councilors?
What must a candidate have to stand in the presidential elections in Zambia?
What must a candidate have to stand in the presidential elections in Zambia?
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What is the purpose of primary elections in Zambia?
What is the purpose of primary elections in Zambia?
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What is one of the functions of political parties during elections?
What is one of the functions of political parties during elections?
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Which characteristic indicates bad governance?
Which characteristic indicates bad governance?
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What role does civil society play in governance?
What role does civil society play in governance?
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What is a sign of good governance?
What is a sign of good governance?
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Which of the following describes a lack of separation of powers?
Which of the following describes a lack of separation of powers?
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How should public services treat citizens?
How should public services treat citizens?
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What is a primary duty of government workers?
What is a primary duty of government workers?
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Which of the following statements is true in the context of bad governance?
Which of the following statements is true in the context of bad governance?
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What government structure was in place in Zambia before independence in 1964?
What government structure was in place in Zambia before independence in 1964?
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What was one of the responsibilities performed by Native Authorities before 1964?
What was one of the responsibilities performed by Native Authorities before 1964?
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Which act was amended in 1965 to establish a uniform pattern of local authorities in Zambia?
Which act was amended in 1965 to establish a uniform pattern of local authorities in Zambia?
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What was one of the key reasons for decentralization of local government in Zambia?
What was one of the key reasons for decentralization of local government in Zambia?
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Who heads the District council administration in Zambia?
Who heads the District council administration in Zambia?
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What is the primary responsibility of a morally upright citizen?
What is the primary responsibility of a morally upright citizen?
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What type of councils were introduced when the decentralization Act was amended in 1991?
What type of councils were introduced when the decentralization Act was amended in 1991?
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Which of the following is NOT a member of the composition of District councils?
Which of the following is NOT a member of the composition of District councils?
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What defines an alien in relation to citizenship?
What defines an alien in relation to citizenship?
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Which citizenship principle is based on blood relation?
Which citizenship principle is based on blood relation?
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What was one function of local councils established by the Ministry of Local Government?
What was one function of local councils established by the Ministry of Local Government?
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What is the minimum period of residence required for a foreigner to apply for naturalized citizenship?
What is the minimum period of residence required for a foreigner to apply for naturalized citizenship?
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What must an applicant do to renounce their previous citizenship?
What must an applicant do to renounce their previous citizenship?
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What does complete naturalization indicate?
What does complete naturalization indicate?
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Which of the following countries follows the principle of Jus Soli?
Which of the following countries follows the principle of Jus Soli?
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What is defined as soliciting, accepting, or offering gratification for personal gain or benefit?
What is defined as soliciting, accepting, or offering gratification for personal gain or benefit?
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Which of the following describes a casual gift?
Which of the following describes a casual gift?
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What is a condition under which a spouse can acquire citizenship?
What is a condition under which a spouse can acquire citizenship?
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Which of the following is NOT a form of gratification?
Which of the following is NOT a form of gratification?
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What type of corruption is characterized by small bribes and is widely practiced?
What type of corruption is characterized by small bribes and is widely practiced?
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Which of the following is an example of political corruption?
Which of the following is an example of political corruption?
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What social cause of corruption refers to individuals' personal integrity issues?
What social cause of corruption refers to individuals' personal integrity issues?
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What is a common consequence of weak enforcement of a code of conduct?
What is a common consequence of weak enforcement of a code of conduct?
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Which type of corruption typically involves high-level officials and large amounts of money?
Which type of corruption typically involves high-level officials and large amounts of money?
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What is a primary effect of hallucinogens on the brain?
What is a primary effect of hallucinogens on the brain?
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Which substance is classified as a narcotic or opiate?
Which substance is classified as a narcotic or opiate?
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What can be found in ordinary household products that are classified as inhalants?
What can be found in ordinary household products that are classified as inhalants?
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Which alcoholic beverage contains the highest percentage of ethanol?
Which alcoholic beverage contains the highest percentage of ethanol?
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What term describes the condition of having a physical dependence on alcohol?
What term describes the condition of having a physical dependence on alcohol?
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What is one potential health effect of alcohol abuse?
What is one potential health effect of alcohol abuse?
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How does alcohol affect a person's behavior?
How does alcohol affect a person's behavior?
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What is the relationship between ethanol concentration and the effects of alcohol?
What is the relationship between ethanol concentration and the effects of alcohol?
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Study Notes
Civic Education Revised Notes
- The image shows a triangle divided into three sections, with the words "Civic Education," "Civic Engagement," and "Civic Expression" in each section. A megaphone is centered within the triangle.
- Grades 10, 11, and 12 are mentioned with page numbers 1, 71, and 163 respectively.
Introduction to Civic Education
- Civic education is awareness of public matters (governance, politics, work culture, human rights, socio-economic issues).
- It is the knowledge, ability and capacity of citizens to understand national affairs and governance.
- It also includes active citizen participation in self-governance concerning rights, duties, obligations, and responsibilities.
- Civic education is crucial for competent, responsible citizens.
- It equips citizens with knowledge of rights and freedoms.
- It promotes participation in voluntary organizations (workers unions, women's, community associations).
- It enhances monitoring and correction of country policies and laws.
- It develops knowledge, skills, and values in learners.
- Civic education supports analytical, creative, and constructive thinking which, in turn, safeguards individual liberties and human rights.
- It promotes tolerance of other viewpoints and discipline towards personal and national well-being.
- It helps learners understand, cherish, promote, and protect democratic values and the sustenance of democratic systems based on equality, rule of law, and representative governance (including women and men).
The Constitution
- A constitution presents a system of laws, customs, and principles.
- A constitution is the supreme law, and all other laws must abide it.
- The constitution regulates the activities of citizens.
- Customs refer to traditional practices and habits.
Types of Constitutions
- A written constitution documents all provisions in a single document,
- This provides a set of rules for the citizens of a nation.
- Countries with written constitutions include Zambia, Botswana, Tanzania, Namibia, South Africa, and America.
- Advantages of a Written Constitution - Clearly defines laws, stable and steady, free from manipulation, protects individual rights.
- Disadvantages of a Written Constitution- Not easily adaptable to emergencies or changing needs, compresses all national ideals into one document, difficult to amend and prone to rigidity.
- An unwritten constitution is a collection of documents, statutes, and customary practices.
- Advantages of an Unwritten Constitution - Adaptable to changing conditions, meets national emergencies without complete restructuring, satisfies popular desires.
- Disadvantages of an Unwritten Constitution- Can be unstable and easily bent to individual or political party, unclear or indefinite; requires high political consciousness.
Forms of Constitutions
- A flexible constitution can be easily amended through majority citizen vote without a referendum.
- A rigid constitution requires a separate body, such as a National Constitutional Conference (NCC) or Constituent Assembly (C.A), and a referendum to amend.
Structure and Content of the Zambian Constitution
- Preamble of the Zambian Constitution: we the people of Zambia by our representatives, assembled in our parliament have solemnly resolved to maintain Zambia as a sovereign Democratic republic.
- The Zambian Constitution is categorized into sections for topics like national sovereignty, citizenships, protection of rights, the executive, legislature, judiciary, and the defense.
National Security
- The Zambian National security issues relates to the Zambia Police Service, the prisons Service, and the Zambia security Intelligence Services.
- The local government has different councils for various town authorities and rural authorities.
History of Zambian Constitution
- Since Zambia's independence in 1964, the country has had five Constitutional Review Commissions (CRC).
Types of Elections in Zambia
- Primary elections involve parties choosing their candidates for presidential, parliamentary, and local government elections.
- General elections occur every 5 years for the presidential, parliamentary and local government positions.
Characteristics of Elections in Good Governance
- Regular, free and fair elections;
- A significant proportion of adult population engaged in political activities,
- Elections must be competitive with multiple candidates,
- Inclusive of all adult citizens,
- Lead to decisive results for the governance.
Governance
- Governance is how people are ruled with or without their consent.
- Pre-colonial Zambian governance involved societies with kings and kingdoms.
- Good governance is legitimately competent, accountable, and respects human rights for the rule of law.
- Bad governance lacks legitimacy, competence, accountability, and respect for human rights (example, dictatorships).
Importance of Good Governance
- Good governance enables citizens to enjoy human rights and freedoms.
- It makes the government accountable to the people it governs.
- It makes government operations transparent.
- Citizens are able to enjoy equal rights and freedoms.
- Enables citizens to freely participate in electing their leaders.
Citizen Participation in Good Governance
- All people participating in the activities of their community (democratic participation through electing leaders and standing in public office).
- Respecting human rights such as the right to vote.
- Separation of powers (legislature, executive, judiciary work independently but provide checks and balances).
- Independence of the Judiciary ensures fairness,
- Political tolerance whereby people with differing political views are respected.
- Accountability and Transparency whereby leaders are responsible to the people, public resources are appropriately used and managed openly;
Types of Constitutions
- Countries with written constitutions include Zambia, Botswana, Tanzania, Namibia.
- Countries with unwritten constitutions include the UK.
Types of Elections Systems
- The most used are Single Member Plurality Systems [SMPS or First Past the Post (FPTP)];
- and Single Member Majoritarian System (SMMS).
- Proportional Representation Systems (PRS).
Citizens in Good Governance
- Have access to voter education and information.
- Freedom to express opinions and beliefs.
- Freedom to participate in party campaigns without fear.
- A right to vote in secret.
- Right to complain about issues regarding the elections and to be protected from intimidation or violence.
Effects of Bad Governance
- It leads to costly election petitions and by-elections.
- People lose faith in democracy; leading to apathy.
- Strikes and demonstrations are used to rectify unjust government policies causing unrest.
- The government may use force or other methods to retain power.
- It may lead to international sanctions and isolation.
The Local Government System
- Before Zambia's independence (in the 1960s), Local authorities were controlled by a central government and native authorities.
- Local authorities duties included local tax collections, issuing permits,
- By 1964 the ministry of Local Government took over the duties.
Role of Traditional Leaders in Governance
- Traditional leaders (queens, kings, chiefs, village heads, and elders) participated in governance.
- Indirect rule (by British colonial authorities) meant involving traditional leaders in governance dealings.
Civil Society and the Media in Governance
- Civil Society is made up of non-political, non-profit-making organizations,
- Civil society plays a role in promoting good governance, defending human rights, and advocating for better government processes.
- These organizations are a platform for public expression regarding government issues through discussions,
- media, and public events.
- The media helps disseminate information and create public awareness of government policies.
- The media challenges decisions of elected official by holding them accountable for their actions (this is a watchdog role)
Importance, Characteristics, and Types of Elections
- Elections are important to allow for the transfer of power, citizen participation, accountability, and representation.
- Good elections are "Periodic, Competitive, Inclusive, and Decisive."
- Types of elections include Primary elections (party-based)
Historical Development of Human Rights
- Documents like the Magna Carta of 1215, The Charter of Mande (1222), the English Bill of Rights (1689).
- The French Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen (1789), the US Constitution.
Human Rights Instrument:
- UN Universal Declaration of Human rights (UDHR); International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR)
- International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR)
- Other international instruments such as the International Convention on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (ICERD), the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women (CEDAW), The Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel Inhumane and Degrading Treatment and Punishments and the International Migration Convention .
The Zambian Legal System, Courts and Institutions
- Laws, practices, procedures and techniques for creating rules in a society make up a legal system.
- The Zambian legal system is based on English law and African customary law.
- Zambia's laws are composed of the Constitution (supreme law), Acts of Parliament as statutes, and legal precedents (judgements).
- Types of courts in Zambia—Local courts, Magistrate (Subordinate) courts, High Court, Industrial relations court, Supreme Court.
Corruption in Zambia
- There are several actors promoting the fight against corruption,
- including investigations into reported corruption, which may be based on human rights violations.
- institutions and organizations that promote justice and provide legal or other support to those who have been victims of corruption.
The Causes of Poverty in Zambia
- Internal and external factors play a role,
- including internal factors such as poor governance, inconsistent agricultural policies in the past and a reliance on foreign assistance which leads to debt burdens,
- external factors such as fluctuations in global commodity prices, climatic variations that affect agricultural production,
- high incidence of HIV/AIDS.
Methods of Promoting Peace
- Through intermarriages amongst various ethnic tribes to reduce conflict,
- through friendship amongst people from different localities,
- through helping people to forgive one another,
- showing tolerance towards one another's views,
- by respecting beliefs and cultures, and by upholding justice.
Methods of Resolving Conflict
- Mediation (neutral third party), Arbitration (appointing an arbitrator), Negotiation (directly between parties).
Measures for Curbing Gender-Based Violence and Child Abuse
- Promoting legislative change to address issues of gender violence and child abuse,
- establishing support centers or counseling centres to help the victims,
- creating awareness in local communities,
- educating families to address issues of violence, and promoting gender equity through public and institutional support for women's advocacy.
Poverty Alleviation Strategies
- Some steps for alleviating poverty include improved education, better health care facilities, providing access to resources, promoting gender equality,
- improved agricultural practices and ensuring a good environment to facilitate economic and social stability.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the electoral system and governance in Zambia, including the 2016 amended constitution, electoral code of conduct, roles of political parties, and characteristics of good governance. This quiz covers various aspects of the political landscape in Zambia and its electoral processes.
