World History Foundations of Democracy

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Questions and Answers

What are the differences between latitude and longitude lines?

Latitude lines run horizontally around the earth, while longitude lines run vertically.

What is a compass rose?

A compass rose is a symbol on maps that shows the directions of North, South, East, and West.

What are the characteristics of the Prime Meridian and Equator?

The Prime Meridian has a vertical line of 0 longitude, passes through Greenwich, England, and is used as a reference for time zones. The Equator has a horizontal line at 0 latitude, divides the earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, and it is typically warm/humid.

Define the term "democracy."

People have the power to make decisions on how they are ruled. Signup and view all the answers

Define the term "enlightenment."

The Enlightenment was a period in the 17th and 18th centuries when people began to emphasize reason, science, and individual rights over tradition and religion. Signup and view all the answers

Define the term "republic/representative democracy." Who was the first one to implement this?

People elect representatives to make decisions and create laws on their behalf. The Roman Republic had the first one. Signup and view all the answers

Define the term "divine right."

The idea that a ruler's power comes directly from God. Signup and view all the answers

Define the term "constitutional monarchy/Limited Monarchy."

A king or queen shares power with a government. Signup and view all the answers

Define the term "absolute monarchy."

A king or queen has total power and control. Signup and view all the answers

Define the term "direct democracy." Who had the first one?

All citizens vote directly on laws and decisions, rather than electing representatives to do so. Ancient Greeks in Athens had the first one. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main goals of the Congress of Vienna?

To balance the powers of Europe to coexist peacefully, enclose France's borders, and restore conservative order Signup and view all the answers

What document was the first to protect rights of the people?

Magna Carta Signup and view all the answers

What document outlined the rights of Parliament and citizens, and limited the power of the monarchy?

English Bill of Rights Signup and view all the answers

What was the Triangle Trade?

The Triangle Trade was a system of trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas during the 1600’s-1800's. Signup and view all the answers

What happened as a result of the Glorious Revolution?

The Glorious Revolution resulted in the overthrow of King James 2 of England and the creation of William III and Mary II as co-monarchs. Signup and view all the answers

Who got what from the Triangle Trade?

Europe got raw materials to make products and become wealthy. Africa got goods but lost millions of people due to slavery. Americas got enslaved workers to produce crops for their benefit. Signup and view all the answers

What was Mercantilism?

Mercantilism was a system where nations believed wealth and power came from getting gold and silver, and controlling trade. Signup and view all the answers

What were the major aims of Mercantilism?

Mercantilism created colonies policies, began competition between nations and sparked exploration. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Middle Passage?

The Middle Passage was the journey enslaved Africans were forced to take across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Columbian Exchange?

The Columbian Exchange was the exchange of plants, animals, people, diseases, and ideas between Europe, Africa, and Asia and the Americas. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the importance of the Columbian Exchange?

The Columbian Exchange connected the old and new world, changed diets and led to growth of new industries. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Stamp Act?

The Stamp Act was a law passed by Britain that required the American colonists to pay a tax on printed materials, like newspapers, legal documents, and playing cards. Signup and view all the answers

Why was the Stamp Act important?

The Stamp Act angered colonists, created protests and contributed to the American Revolution. Signup and view all the answers

What was "taxation without representation"?

Being taxes by a government without having a voice or vote in making the laws or decisions. Signup and view all the answers

Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

The Declaration of Independence was written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776. Signup and view all the answers

What Enlightenment ideas did the Declaration of Independence model after?

The Declaration of Independence was modeled after Enlightenment ideas including natural rights and the idea that the government should be based on the consent of the governed. Signup and view all the answers

Who initially created the ideas that the Declaration of Independence was modeled after?

The ideas were originally from John Locke. Signup and view all the answers

What is the U.S. Constitution?

The U.S. Constitution is the supreme law of the United States. Signup and view all the answers

What are three branches of the U.S. Government?

Legislative branch, Judicial branch, and the Executive branch. Signup and view all the answers

What makes the U.S. Constitution important?

The U.S. Constitution sets up the framework for the government and outlines the rights and freedoms of American citizens. Signup and view all the answers

What is the U.S. Bill of Rights?

The U.S. Bill of Rights is the first 10 amendments to the U.S. Constitution. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Bill of Rights?

It was made to protect the basic rights and freedoms of American citizens. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main causes of the French Revolution?

Social inequality, Financial problems, Enlightenment ideas Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of members of the First Estate in French society?

The First Estate was made up of the clergy, which included bishops, priests, and other religious leaders. Their role in society was to lead and own a lot of land. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the population made up the First Estate?

They took up 1% of the population. Signup and view all the answers

What was the role of members of the Second Estate in French society?

The Second Estate was made up of the nobility, which included dukes, earls, barons, and other aristocrats. They had high social ranks, were in charge of local areas, and they earned large amounts of land. Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the population made up the Second Estate?

They took up 2% of the population. Signup and view all the answers

Who was the bourgeoisie?

The bourgeoisie was the middle class of the Third Estate. Signup and view all the answers

What were the roles of the bourgeoisie in French society?

They owned businesses, having little influence on the government, and they seeked for better political rights and social status. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Meeting of the Estates General?

It was a gathering of representatives from the three estates. Signup and view all the answers

What happened during the Meeting of the Estates General?

The Third Estate was unhappy because they had to pay most of the taxes but had little power. Signup and view all the answers

What was the National Assembly?

The National Assembly was formed in June 1789 when the Third Estate broke away from the Estates-General. Signup and view all the answers

Why was the formation of the National Assembly important?

They were unhappy with how the voting was done and wanted more power. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Tennis Court Oath?

The Tennis Court Oath was when the National Assembly was locked out of the meeting of the Estates-General. Signup and view all the answers

What happened during the Tennis Court Oath?

The Third Estate moved to an indoor tennis court and promised to stay united until they had created a new constitution for France. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Storming of the Bastille?

The people of Paris were angry about food shortages, high prices, and the king's refusal to give up power. Signup and view all the answers

Why was the Storming of the Bastille important?

The Bastille was a symbol of the king's absolute power. Its fall showed that the people were challenging the king's authority. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

World History Study Notes

Geography:
- Latitude lines run horizontally around the Earth, longitude lines run vertically.
- A compass rose shows directions (North, South, East, West) on maps.
- The Prime Meridian (0 longitude) passes through Greenwich, England.
- The Equator (0 latitude) divides the Earth into Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Foundations of Democracy

Democracy: People have the power to make decisions about their governance.
Enlightenment: A period (17th-18th centuries) emphasizing reason, science, and individual rights over tradition and religion.
Republic/Representative Democracy: Citizens elect representatives to make decisions and create laws. The Roman Republic was the first.
Autocracy: One person holds all the power, without input from others.
Divine Right: Rulers' power comes directly from God.
Constitutional/Limited Monarchy: A king or queen shares power with a government.
Absolute Monarchy: A king or queen holds total power and control.
Direct Democracy: All citizens vote directly on laws and decisions, rather than electing representatives. Ancient Athens had the first examples.

Philosophers

King Louis XIV: Believed only he had the right to make decisions. Believed in absolute monarchy. Did not believe people could be trusted to govern.
Elizabeth I: Believed in a strong monarchy and trusted her ability to lead, but relied on others for advice and support. Believed people could help govern, but still needed authority.
Locke: Believed in a government for the people, based on their consent. Supported democracy. Believed people could be trusted to govern.
Hobbes: Believed people needed a strong leader to avoid chaos, and supported absolute monarchy. Did not believe people could be trusted to govern.
Montesquieu: Believed in separating government into three branches (legislative, executive, judicial) to prevent abuse of power. Believed people could be trusted to govern but with checks and balances.
Wollstonecraft: Believed in equal rights for men and women. Believed in a democratic government; believed people could be trusted to govern.
Rousseau: Believed government should be based on the will of the people and supported democracy. Believed that people could be trusted to govern.
Aristotle: Believed in a government that serves everyone's best interest. Believed people could be trusted to govern, but only under the right conditions. He believed the people needed to be educated to make good decisions.
Plato: Believed in government led by wise rulers who knew what was best; did not believe people could be trusted to govern.

Columbian Exchange/Triangle Trade/Middle Passage

Triangle Trade: A system of trade between Europe, Africa, and the Americas during the 17th-18th centuries.
Europe: Got raw materials to make products.
Africa: Lost millions of people via slavery in exchange for goods.
Americas: Got enslaved workers to produce crops.
Mercantilism: Nations believed wealth and power came from obtaining gold and silver and controlling trade.
Middle Passage: The forced journey enslaved Africans took across the Atlantic to the Americas. Approximately 15% of enslaved Africans died on this journey.

American Revolution

Stamp Act: A British law requiring American colonists to pay tax on printed materials. Led to protests and contributed to the American Revolution.
Taxation without Representation: Being taxed by a government without having a voice in the laws and decisions.
Declaration of Independence: Written by Thomas Jefferson in 1776, outlining natural rights and popular sovereignty. Modeled after Enlightenment ideals.
U.S. Constitution: The supreme law of the United States, established a framework for the government, and outlines the rights of citizens.
U.S. Bill of Rights: The first ten amendments to the U.S. Constitution, protecting basic rights and freedoms.

French Revolution

Estates-General: A meeting of representatives from the three estates (clergy, nobility, commoners).
National Assembly: Formed when the Third Estate broke away from the Estates-General, demanding more power.
Tennis Court Oath: The National Assembly pledged to remain united until a new constitution was created.
Storming of the Bastille: A symbolic act of defiance against the monarchy, initiating the French Revolution.
Causes of French Revolution:
- social inequality: 3 estates,
- financial problems: debt from wars
- Enlightenment ideas: people demanded political freedom

World War I

Central Powers: Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire, Bulgaria
Allied Powers: France, the United Kingdom, Russia, Italy
Schlieffen Plan: Germany's military strategy.
Trench Warfare: A type of combat used in WWI, soldiers fought from trenches.
Unrestricted Submarine Warfare: Germany attacking all ships without warning.
Zimmerman Note: Germany attempted to form an alliance with Mexico against the United States.
Total War: Involves complete mobilization of resources and people.
Rationing: Controlled distribution of scarce resources.
Propaganda: Information used to boost morale and support a cause.
Dehumanization: Depriving a person/group of positive qualities.
Armistice: Agreement to stop fighting (ended WWI).
Fourteen Points: Principles for peace outlined by Woodrow Wilson
League of Nations: An international organization.

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Description

Explore the key concepts of geography and the foundations of democracy in this quiz. Test your knowledge on latitude, longitude, and significant political systems from history, including autocracy and republics. Gain insights into the Enlightenment's impact on modern governance.