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Questions and Answers
Which beetle is responsible for causing the most damage to wood by boring inside it?
Which beetle is responsible for causing the most damage to wood by boring inside it?
What type of wood do powderpost beetles prefer?
What type of wood do powderpost beetles prefer?
How do powderpost beetles get their name?
How do powderpost beetles get their name?
What do internal feeders primarily feed on?
What do internal feeders primarily feed on?
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Which type of termite does not require contact with the ground for moisture?
Which type of termite does not require contact with the ground for moisture?
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Which group of powderpost beetles produces very fine and powdery frass?
Which group of powderpost beetles produces very fine and powdery frass?
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Which of the following categories does NOT describe a stored product pest?
Which of the following categories does NOT describe a stored product pest?
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What is a characteristic of Bostrichid powderpost beetles?
What is a characteristic of Bostrichid powderpost beetles?
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What color and size are adult old house borers?
What color and size are adult old house borers?
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True Powderpost beetles are primarily known for feeding on what?
True Powderpost beetles are primarily known for feeding on what?
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Wood decay fungi primarily require what to infest and digest wood?
Wood decay fungi primarily require what to infest and digest wood?
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Do wood-boring beetles structurally weaken the wood with each generation of damage?
Do wood-boring beetles structurally weaken the wood with each generation of damage?
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Which type of wood does the flatheaded borer prefer?
Which type of wood does the flatheaded borer prefer?
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What method is NOT commonly used to control carpenter ants?
What method is NOT commonly used to control carpenter ants?
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Which feature defines the larvae of Roundheaded Borers?
Which feature defines the larvae of Roundheaded Borers?
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What family do the Old House Borer and Flat Oak Borer belong to?
What family do the Old House Borer and Flat Oak Borer belong to?
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What type of wood do Flatheaded Borers predominantly attack?
What type of wood do Flatheaded Borers predominantly attack?
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What best describes the tunnels created by Flatheaded Borers?
What best describes the tunnels created by Flatheaded Borers?
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How frequently should a full inspection be conducted for a property covered by a control service?
How frequently should a full inspection be conducted for a property covered by a control service?
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What color is typically observed in Golden Buprestids?
What color is typically observed in Golden Buprestids?
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What distinguishing feature describes the Wharf Borer?
What distinguishing feature describes the Wharf Borer?
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What visual characteristic helps identify wood suffering from brown rot?
What visual characteristic helps identify wood suffering from brown rot?
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Which statement is true about wood affected by white rot?
Which statement is true about wood affected by white rot?
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How does discoloration caused by sapstain fungi differ from that caused by mold?
How does discoloration caused by sapstain fungi differ from that caused by mold?
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What is a key difference between winged termites and winged ants?
What is a key difference between winged termites and winged ants?
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What is the primary function of soldier termites?
What is the primary function of soldier termites?
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What role do primary reproductives in a termite colony fulfill?
What role do primary reproductives in a termite colony fulfill?
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Which caste of termites is responsible for supplementing egg production?
Which caste of termites is responsible for supplementing egg production?
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What typically characterizes mold stains on hardwoods?
What typically characterizes mold stains on hardwoods?
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What is the main effect of Brown Rot fungi on wood?
What is the main effect of Brown Rot fungi on wood?
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What should be the distance from soil to joist for proper clearance?
What should be the distance from soil to joist for proper clearance?
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How long must all reports and worksheets be kept?
How long must all reports and worksheets be kept?
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What is the primary purpose of sub-floor ventilation?
What is the primary purpose of sub-floor ventilation?
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What action should be taken if cellulose debris is found to be less than rakeable size?
What action should be taken if cellulose debris is found to be less than rakeable size?
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What is an exit hole in wood typically indicative of?
What is an exit hole in wood typically indicative of?
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How can you differentiate between the exit holes of powderpost beetles and old house borers?
How can you differentiate between the exit holes of powderpost beetles and old house borers?
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What is the required fee for filing an inspection report?
What is the required fee for filing an inspection report?
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What type of wood do carpenter ants prefer for nesting?
What type of wood do carpenter ants prefer for nesting?
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What should be done when drywood is found leading to inaccessible areas?
What should be done when drywood is found leading to inaccessible areas?
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What is a key characteristic of carpenter ant galleries in comparison to termite damage?
What is a key characteristic of carpenter ant galleries in comparison to termite damage?
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What consequence can occur from failure to file inspection reports on time?
What consequence can occur from failure to file inspection reports on time?
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Do all wood preservatives completely protect wood from damage by carpenter ants?
Do all wood preservatives completely protect wood from damage by carpenter ants?
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Which statement is true regarding old house borers?
Which statement is true regarding old house borers?
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What environmental condition do carpenter ants require to nest effectively?
What environmental condition do carpenter ants require to nest effectively?
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What is a common misconception about the wood that carpenter ants attack?
What is a common misconception about the wood that carpenter ants attack?
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Study Notes
Wood Infestation
- Brown rot typically appears dark brown, shows excessive shrinkage, develops cross-grain cracking, and can be crushed easily to form a brownish powder.
- White rot, conversely, typically appears whiter than normal, shows normal shrinkage, does not crack across the grain, and is spongy to the touch.
Sapstain vs. Mold
- Sapstain fungi live on the starch in wood, causing discoloration in patches within the sapwood. This discoloration is deep within the wood and can't be removed by brushing or planing.
- Discoloration caused by mold fungi is superficial and can often be removed by brushing or planing.
Termite/Ant Distinctions
- Termites have straight antennae, thick waists, and wings that are equal in size and shape.
- Ants have bent antennae, narrow waists, and forewings larger than the hind wings.
Termite Castes
- Workers: Gather food, maintain the gallery, care for young, and groom other termites.
- Soldiers: Guard the colony against predators.
- Primary reproductives (Swarmers): Fly from their colonies to start new ones. These are the future kings and queens.
- Secondary reproductives: Supplement egg production when the king/queen isn't able to keep up/fails, potentially taking over egg-laying duties.
Subterranean Termites
- Do not need constant contact with the ground; they use moisture from the ground through flattened, earthen shelters.
- Gain entry through untreated wood touching or close to the soil, such as porches, steps, terraces or cracks in foundations.
Drywood Termites
- Live entirely within wood, requiring little moisture (low moisture content).
- Do not need direct contact with the ground; they get moisture from the surrounding air humidity. They often infest wood in buildings.
Powderpost Beetles
- Frass appears as fine dust or powder that can sift from holes.
- Larvae cause the most damage.
- The larvae cause damage by boring within the wood.
Ambrosia Beetles
- They degrade wood by staining it, creating numerous entrance holes and boring inside the wood.
Wood-Boring Beetle Preferences
- Ambrosia beetles: Green logs or green lumber of softwoods and hardwoods.
- Powderpost beetles: Seasoned lumber and timbers, particularly joists, sub-flooring, hardwood flooring, sill plates, and interior trim.
- Old house borers: Seasoned softwoods such as pine, spruce, and fir.
- Flatheaded borers: Living and dead standing softwood trees; also some manufactured products.
Other Insect Information
- Spider Benefits: Are good because they feed on insects.
- Old House Borer: Larger, irregularly shaped exit holes; primarily infest softwoods.
- Black Polycaon: Infests wood, softwoods and new construction materials, but does not re-infest.
- Roundheaded Borer: Grayish brown with long antennae; infests structural wood products.
- Deathwatch Beetle: Dark grayish brown; makes a tapping sound during mating; primarily infests hardwood that has been attacked by fungi.
- Long Horned Borer: Dark brown with very long antennae; infests standing, weakened or diseased hardwoods, or softwoods.
- New House Borer: Grayish black; infests dead or dying trees, especially those devastated by fire; doesn't re-infest once the wood is dry.
Wood Decay Fungi
- Diverse group of organisms that live in soil, water, and air.
- Feed on structural components of wood and require moisture.
- Brown Rot: Digests hemicellulose and cellulose, causing the wood to shrink and turn brown. Dry rot tends to appear especially dry and may be crumbly or powdery.
- White Rot: Digests lignin and cellulose, leaving the wood white.
Inspection/Report Procedures
- IPM inspections/reports (at least) once every three years.
- WDO and other inspection/report procedures and rules.
Additional Facts
- Moisture: All wood-destroying pests need moisture to live; this can include moisture in the air, ground, or in the timber itself, leading to the decay of wood.
- Wood Treatment: Preventing infestation through proper wood treatment techniques is important.
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Description
Test your knowledge on wood infestation types, including brown rot and white rot, and distinguish between sapstain and mold. Learn to identify termites and ants based on their physical traits and understand the different castes of termites. This quiz covers essential information for wood preservation and pest management.
