Study Guide: Module 15, Reproductive Health Nursing

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Questions and Answers

What factors are used in the staging of breast cancer?

The tumor size, node involvement, and metastases. (correct)

The size of breast, and degree of node involvement.

The size of woman, node involvement, and metastases.

Obesity, type of node involvement, and metastases.

What type of cancer is screened with a yearly Pap test?

Vaginal

Uterine

Cervical (correct)

Ovarian

Which of the following reflects an appropriate nursing conclusion for a patient stating they are in menopause?

The patient is no longer sexually active.

The patient has a sexually transmitted infection.

The patient is no longer menstruating. (correct)

The patient has never had any children.

Match the following tests with their purpose:

Pap Test = Cervical cancer screening Colposcopy = Visual examination of the cervix CT scan = Assessing the extent of cancer spread Biopsy = Tissue sampling for diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the most appropriate response for nurses when discussing ways to preserve emotional well-being?

Get involved with a support group. Signup and view all the answers

During the initial diagnostic phase at an infertility center, which of the following is a noninvasive test?

Semen analysis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a risk factor associated with ovarian cancer? (Select all that apply)

Multiple abortions Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is accurate?

Most patients often experience few early manifestations of STIs, delaying diagnosis. Signup and view all the answers

Which physical symptom may worsen during certain medical conditions?

Abdominal distention Signup and view all the answers

Which question is most appropriate for a patient presenting with erectile dysfunction?

Have you maintained an interest in sex? Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct duration for keeping a diaphragm in place after intercourse?

6-8 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which patient is at the greatest risk for developing chlamydia trachomatis infection?

16-year-old, sexually active, using no contraceptive Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms related to sexually transmitted infections to their characteristics:

Trichomonas = Profuse, frothy gray discharge Gonorrhea = Penile discharge Chlamydia = Often asymptomatic Syphilis = Systemic rash Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements indicates the need for further education about diaphragms?

I will keep it for 12 hours after sex. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following conditions with their appropriate nursing consideration:

Diaphragm use = Must be inserted prior to intercourse Mastectomy patient = Elevate affected arm Erectile dysfunction assessment = Assess interest in sex Radiation therapy = Monitor for infection risk Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatments for endometriosis involves surgery?

Laparoscopy with biopsy Signup and view all the answers

The male climacteric phase marks the transition from reproductive to ______ stage of life.

non-reproductive Signup and view all the answers

Which precaution should not be taken by women using a diaphragm?

Avoiding soap on skin Signup and view all the answers

Which patient statement indicates successful education about preventing lymphedema?

I should elevate my affected arm on a pillow. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a warning sign of a sexually transmitted infection (STI)?

Testicular mass Signup and view all the answers

What could happen if chlamydia infection is left untreated?

Worsening of infection leading to infertility Signup and view all the answers

A woman should remove clothing from the waist down for a mammogram.

True Signup and view all the answers

When providing discharge instructions for pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), what should be emphasized?

Both partners must be treated simultaneously Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should be avoided after a vaginal hysterectomy?

Lifting heavy objects Signup and view all the answers

A client who has had a total abdominal hysterectomy may experience relief from sadness after discussing feelings with family.

True Signup and view all the answers

It is recommended for patients to insert objects into the vagina shortly after vaginal surgery.

False Signup and view all the answers

What type of cancer did the married client in the scenario experience?

Uterine cancer Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their definitions:

Amenorrhea = Absence of menstruation Dysmenorrhea = Painful menstruation Menorrhagia = Heavy menstrual bleeding Metrorrhagia = Irregular bleeding between periods Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the consequences of untreated PID?

Infertility Signup and view all the answers

What condition is suspected in a client experiencing urinary urgency and sensations of pressure in the vagina?

Cystoceles and/or rectoceles Signup and view all the answers

Acute mastitis is characterized by a doughy feeling in the breast.

True Signup and view all the answers

What physical appearance change might indicate fibrocystic changes in the breast?

Lumpiness accompanied by tenderness after menses Signup and view all the answers

Risk factors for chronic mastitis can include _________________ and obesity.

inverted or cracked nipples Signup and view all the answers

Which lifestyle factor may contribute to erectile dysfunction?

Drinking four to six beers each day Signup and view all the answers

Acute prostatitis can manifest with sudden fever and chills.

True Signup and view all the answers

What diagnosis should be suspected in a patient with sudden pain and swelling of the scrotum?

Epididymitis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary method for facilitating early identification of testicular cancer?

Perform monthly testicular self-examinations Signup and view all the answers

The survival rate for testicular cancer is high for those diagnosed and treated in the ________________ stages.

early Signup and view all the answers

Match the following symptoms with their related conditions:

Acute mastitis = Painful, doughy breast Chronic mastitis = Inverted or cracked nipples Epididymitis = Sudden scrotal pain and swelling Acute prostatitis = Fever and chills Signup and view all the answers

A firm and painless mass in the testicular area indicates which condition?

Testicular cancer Signup and view all the answers

Testicular cancer does not typically metastasize.

False Signup and view all the answers

What complication is indicated by terminal dribbling in a male client?

Possible urinary obstruction or dysfunction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nursing interventions are appropriate for a male who has just had surgery for cancer of the penis? (Select all that apply)

Elevate scrotum to prevent edema Signup and view all the answers

What questions should be asked when taking a health history of a male patient with painful lesions on his penis? (Select all that apply)

Are you sexually active? Signup and view all the answers

Which patients are at higher risk of contracting candidiasis? (Select all that apply)

A person who has been on antibiotic therapy three times in the past 2 months Signup and view all the answers

Which client should not be recommended oral contraceptive pills for birth control?

The 35-year-old client who smokes two packs of cigarettes a day Signup and view all the answers

Which statement by a patient indicates a need for further education after receiving discharge teaching following a vasectomy?

Now that we are not at risk of pregnancy, my wife and I can have unprotected sex. Signup and view all the answers

What is the best guidance for a man who smokes two packs of cigarettes a day and is facing infertility issues?

Smoking can reduce the quality of your sperm. Signup and view all the answers

Match the following female clients with the reason they should not use oral contraceptive pills:

Client with lymphoma = Chemotherapy Client who smokes = Increased risk of thrombosis Client with irregular periods = Risk of health complications Client with normal weight = No contraindication Signup and view all the answers

Which action should be taken when caring for a male adolescent with a rash following condom use?

Ask if he has a latex allergy. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Breast Cancer Staging

Breast cancer staging employs the TNM (tumor, node, metastasis) system, which is widely regarded as the standard method for classifying the extent and severity of breast cancer. This system is crucial for determining the most appropriate treatment options and predicting patient outcomes.
The TNM system categorizes the disease based on three key criteria: the size of the primary tumor (T), the extent of regional lymph node involvement (N), and the presence of distant metastasis (M), which refers to cancer spread to other parts of the body. Accurate staging is essential for effective management and treatment planning.

Cervical cancer screening is a crucial public health measure aimed at detecting precancerous changes in cervical cells before they develop into invasive cancer. Regular screening can significantly reduce the incidence and mortality associated with cervical cancer.
The Pap test, also known as a Pap smear, involves collecting cells from the cervix and examining them under a microscope to identify any abnormalities. The test is typically recommended for women starting at age 21, regardless of sexual history, and is usually performed every three years for women aged 21 to 29.
For women aged 30 to 65, there are different guidelines: they may choose to have a Pap test every three years, or they can opt for a Pap test in combination with human papillomavirus (HPV) testing every five years. HPV is a sexually transmitted infection that can lead to the development of cervical cancer.
It is important for women to discuss their individual risk factors and screening options with their healthcare provider to ensure appropriate cervical cancer prevention strategies are employed.
A yearly Pap test is recommended to screen for cervical cancer.

Menopause is a natural biological process that marks the end of a woman's menstrual cycles and reproductive years. It is officially diagnosed after a woman has gone 12 consecutive months without a menstrual period and typically occurs between the ages of 45 and 55, although some women may experience it earlier or later. During menopause, a woman's ovaries gradually produce less estrogen and progesterone, the hormones responsible for regulating menstruation and fertility. This hormonal change can lead to various physical and emotional symptoms, including hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, and vaginal dryness.

Women may also experience changes in their menstrual cycle leading up to menopause, known as perimenopause, which can last for several years. It is crucial for women experiencing menopause to consult with their healthcare provider to manage symptoms effectively and discuss potential health risks associated with decreased hormone levels, such as osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Understanding menopause and its implications can empower women to make informed decisions about their health and well-being during this significant life transition.

Menopause is the normal cessation of menses.

Premenstrual Syndrome

Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is associated with physical symptoms such as headache, vertigo, backache, breast tenderness, abdominal distention, acne, paresthesia of hands and feet, and allergies.

Pelvic Examination

The lithotomy position is the appropriate position for a pelvic examination.

Male Climacteric

Male climacteric, also known as "male menopause," occurs between 55-70 years of age.
It involves a gradual decrease in testosterone levels.

Erectile Dysfunction

A brief sexual history assessment can be included in the nursing history by asking questions such as:
- "Has your illness interfered with your being a husband?"
- "Has ED changed the way you see yourself as a man?"
- "Has your ED changed your ability to function sexually?"

Diaphragm for Birth Control

Diaphragms are a mechanical barrier to sperm.
They should be inserted prior to sexual intercourse.
It should be kept in place for 6-8 hours after intercourse.
Diaphragms are 87% effective when used properly.

Radiation Treatment for Breast Cancer

Adverse effects of radiation treatment include fatigue and skin reactions such as erythema, pruritus, dryness, infection, and pain.

Preventing Lymphedema After Mastectomy

Elevate the affected arm on a pillow to prevent lymphedema.

Premenstrual Syndrome Management

Exercise and stress reduction techniques can help manage PMS symptoms.

Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors

Increased risk factors for ovarian cancer include:
- History of exposure to industrial chemicals like asbestos and talc.
- Multiple abortions.
- Infertility.

Endometrial Cancer Assessment

The priority assessment question for a patient at risk for endometrial cancer is: "Do you experience bleeding between periods?"

Endometriosis Treatment

Antiovulatory medication is the first-line treatment option for endometriosis.

Sexually Transmitted Infections

Most individuals with STIs experience few early manifestations, delaying diagnosis.

Trichomonas Infection

Trichomonas infection is characterized by a profuse, frothy, gray vaginal discharge with a malodorous odor.

Male Sexually Transmitted Infection Risk Factors

Risk factors for male patients contracting STIs include:
- Unprotected sex.
- Multiple sexual partners.
- Intravenous (IV) drug use.

Neurosyphilis

Neurosyphilis is a manifestation of syphilis that can lead to psychosis.

Chlamydia Trachomatis Infection

Sexually active teenagers who are not using contraceptives are at the greatest risk for chlamydia trachomatis infection.

STIs Warning Signs

Warning signs of an STI include:
- Dysuria.
- Penile discharge.
- Penile lesion.

Chlamydia Infection Treatment

Both the patient and their sexual partner must be treated simultaneously for a chlamydia infection.

Mammogram Preparation

Patients should avoid using deodorant prior to a mammogram.
The healthcare provider will contact the patient about the results.

Amenorrhea

Amenorrhea is the absence of menstrual flow.

Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is caused by an infection and can lead to long-term effects.
Both the patient and their sexual partner must be treated simultaneously to prevent reinfection.

Vaginal Hysterectomy

After a vaginal hysterectomy, patients should not insert anything into the vagina for 4-6 weeks.

Uterine Cancer

After a total abdominal hysterectomy, emotional support is essential for patients who have expressed a desire to have children.

Pelvic Floor Disorders

A client in late middle age who is certain she is not pregnant tells the nurse during an office visit that she often feels the urgency to urinate as well as sensations of pressure and heaviness in her vagina, this could be a sign of a Cystoceles and/or rectoceles
Symptoms of Cystoceles and/or rectoceles are urinary urgency, frequency, and incontinence; fatigue; and pelvic pressure

Breast Care

A new mother who is breastfeeding calls the clinic to speak to a nurse. The patient is complaining of pain in her left breast and describes her breast as feeling doughy. The nurse tells her to come into the clinic and be checked. The patient is diagnosed with acute mastitis and placed on antibiotics. Warm compresses are a recommended comfort measure
Fibrocystic breast disease is a disease of the milk ducts and glands in the breasts.

Risk Factors for Chronic Mastitis

Inverted or Cracked Nipples
A traumatic blow to the chest and breasts
Obesity

Erectile Dysfunction

Alcohol intake of four to six beers each day could be a possible cause for erectile dysfunction

Prostate Conditions

Clinical manifestations of acute prostatitis include chills, fever, prostate pain and tenderness, and arthralgias.

Testicular Examination

Early identification of testicular cancer can be done through monthly testicular self-examinations

Male Genital Cancer

Nursing Interventions for a male who has just had surgery for cancer of the penis include: Providing emotional support, Elevating scrotum to prevent edema, and Home care teaching for urostomy

Herpes Simplex Virus

Questions to ask a male patient complaining of a sudden onset of painful, grouped lesions occurring on his penis include: Are you sexually active? When did you first notice the lesions?

Candidiasis

People who take immunosuppressant drugs post liver transplant, who have been on antibiotic therapy three times in the past 2 months, and who have uncontrolled diabetes are at a higher risk of contracting candidiasis

Oral Contraceptives

Women who smoke two packs of cigarettes a day should not take oral contraceptive pills for birth control

Vasectomy

A man who has recently undergone a vasectomy should understand that he will need to continue using alternative forms of contraception until no sperm are seen on examination.

Condom Allergies

A male adolescent client tells the clinic nurse, "Last night when I used a condom with my girlfriend, I got a red itchy rash around my penis." The nurse's best response would be to inquire if the client has any type of latex allergy.

Fertility and Smoking

Smoking can reduce the quality of sperm

Infertility

A couple attempting to cope with an infertility problem should consider getting involved with a support group.

Fertility Issues

Most insurance companies do not cover the cost of the medications completely

In Vitro Fertilization (IVF)

The procedure begins with collecting eggs from your wife's ovaries.

Initial Infertility Diagnostic Testing

Semen analysis is a noninvasive test performed during the initial diagnostic phase of testing.

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Description

This quiz covers essential topics in women's health, including breast cancer staging, cervical cancer screening, menopause, and premenstrual syndrome. Additionally, it explores male climacteric and erectile dysfunction, highlighting key symptoms and assessments. Test your knowledge on these important health issues.