Waterborne and Vector-Borne Diseases Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are the two main types of water hazards?

  • Biological and chemical (correct)
  • Physical and chemical
  • Organic and inorganic
  • Viral and bacterial

    • Which of the following is a viral disease caused by water contamination?

  • Poliomyelitis (correct)
  • Typhoid
  • Giardiasis
  • Cholera

    • Which bacterial disease is commonly spread through contaminated water?

  • Malaria
  • Amoebiasis
  • Cholera (correct)
  • Dengue

    • What is the main cause of amoebiasis?

    <p>Protozoa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is caused by the parasite Schistosoma found in contaminated water?

    <p>Schistosomiasis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the host for Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease)?

    <p>Cyclops (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a biological water hazard?

    <p>Lead poisoning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical is responsible for dental caries when present in low amounts?

    <p>Fluoride (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excess fluoride in drinking water causes:

    <p>Skeletal fluorosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    High levels of nitrates in drinking water can cause:

    <p>Cyanosis in infants (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Deficiency of iodine in drinking water can lead to:

    <p>Goiter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do dissolved organic impurities in water cause?

    <p>Diarrhea and dyspepsia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical in contaminated water can cause lead poisoning?

    <p>Lead (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which heavy metal can cause colicky abdominal pain?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for 'water-washed diseases'?

    <p>Diseases caused by inadequate water use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is an example of a water-washed disease?

    <p>Shigellosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Conjunctivitis can be classified as a

    <p>Water-washed disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a mosquito-borne disease?

    <p>Dengue fever (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which insect breeds in stagnant water and spreads malaria?

    <p>Anopheles mosquito (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can water-related mosquito-borne diseases be prevented?

    <p>Proper drainage of stagnant water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease)?

    <p>Contaminated drinking water (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Waterborne diseases are primarily spread through:

    <p>Ingestion of contaminated water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best method to remove bacterial contamination from drinking water?

    <p>Boiling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method is commonly used to disinfect drinking water?

    <p>Chlorination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way to prevent waterborne diseases?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major health hazard of lead-contaminated water?

    <p>Brain and nervous system damage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is primarily spread by contaminated water and can cause paralysis?

    <p>Poliomyelitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most effective way to remove heavy metals from water?

    <p>Reverse osmosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of people is most vulnerable to water contamination hazards?

    <p>Infants and elderly (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does high fluoride affect adults?

    <p>Causes skeletal fluorosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of sedimentation in water treatment?

    <p>Reduce turbidity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method can remove dissolved salts from water?

    <p>Desalination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a physical pollutant in water?

    <p>Heat (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a biological filter remove?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major cause of water pollution?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does excessive nitrate in water cause?

    <p>Blue baby syndrome (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of deep wells?

    <p>Free from contamination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the zoogleal layer in slow sand filters?

    <p>Biological purification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is refuse disposal?

    <p>The process of safely removing unwanted materials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does refuse disposal primarily aim to reduce?

    <p>Environmental impact (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered solid waste?

    <p>Water (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can influence the daily output of solid waste?

    <p>Dietary habits and lifestyle (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a health hazard associated with accumulated solid waste?

    <p>Fly breeding and rodent attraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Improper disposal of solid waste is correlated with which type of diseases?

    <p>Vector-borne diseases (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of improper storage of refuse?

    <p>Environmental pollution and health hazards (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a result of improper refuse storage?

    <p>Contamination of water supplies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following pollutants can be emitted from improperly stored refuse?

    <p>Methane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major environmental consequence of improperly disposed plastics?

    <p>Ocean and river pollution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of refuse disposal for public health?

    <p>It prevents health risks from hazardous waste (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of waste does door-to-door collection usually target?

    <p>Household waste (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common equipment used in refuse collection?

    <p>Garbage trucks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of transportation in waste management?

    <p>To move waste from collection points to disposal sites (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one key aspect of waste transportation?

    <p>Efficient scheduling and routing to minimize fuel consumption (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a method of waste disposal?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of waste is typically managed through landfills?

    <p>All types of waste (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of sanitary landfills?

    <p>To safely bury waste and prevent pollution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following health hazards is associated with landfills?

    <p>Groundwater contamination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major environmental concern related to landfill operations?

    <p>Air pollution from methane emissions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of recycling in waste management?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the recycling process typically involve?

    <p>Converting waste into reusable materials (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an advantage of recycling?

    <p>Reduces waste and pollution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is incineration in waste disposal?

    <p>Burning waste at high temperatures to reduce volume (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of incineration?

    <p>Reduction of waste volume by up to 90% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major environmental risk of incineration?

    <p>Air pollution from toxic gases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is composting in waste management?

    <p>A process of converting organic material into nutrient-rich soil (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of composting method involves hot fermentation in pits?

    <p>Bangalore method (Anaerobic) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key difference between aerobic and anaerobic composting?

    <p>Aerobic composting uses machines, anaerobic composting uses pits (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a benefit of composting?

    <p>Reduction of waste volum (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of improperly burning waste like plastics?

    <p>Release of toxic gases (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of waste can be effectively managed through incineration?

    <p>Medical and hazardous waste (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of using landfills over other disposal methods?

    <p>It is the cheapest option (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Waterborne Diseases

    • Waterborne diseases are illnesses transmitted through contaminated water.
    • Ingestion of contaminated water is the primary mode of transmission.
    • Common waterborne diseases include typhoid, cholera, and poliomyelitis.
    • Contaminated water exposes people to pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa.

    Water-Washed Diseases

    • Water-washed diseases are illnesses linked to inadequate water access and sanitation.
    • Inadequate handwashing and hygiene practices frequently spread these diseases.
    • Examples include conjunctivitis and shigellosis.

    Vector-Borne Diseases

    • Vector-borne diseases are illnesses transmitted by insects.
    • Anopheles mosquitoes spread malaria, and mosquitoes transmit dengue fever.
    • Preventing stagnant water reduces mosquito breeding ground and the spread of illnesses.

    Chemical and Biological Hazards

    • Lead poisoning from contaminated water damages the brain and nervous system.
    • High fluoride levels lead to skeletal fluorosis and dental fluorosis.
    • High nitrate levels cause cyanosis in infants.
    • Iodine deficiency in water causes goiter.

    Water Sanitation Methods

    • Boiling water kills many harmful bacteria.
    • Chlorination disinfects water.
    • Filtration removes physical contaminants.
    • Reverse osmosis removes dissolved salts and pollutants.

    Environmental Sanitation

    • Environmental sanitation entails the control of factors associated with the human environment, influencing health.
    • Poor environmental sanitation is a major cause of communicable diseases.
    • Proper waste disposal, hygiene, and sanitation are paramount.

    Hospital Waste Disposal

    • Hospital waste collection is the initial step in management.
    • Specific containment and transportation methods are essential.
    • Segregation of medical waste is vital for safety.
    • Treating hospital waste before disposal reduces contamination risk.
    • Disposal technologies include incinerators, deep burial, and autoclaves.

    Waste Treatment and Disposal Technologies

    • Modern technologies like microwave and plasma torches destroy hazardous waste at high temperatures.
    • Biological treatments employ bacterial cultures to degrade organic waste.
    • Landfilling is a prevalent, though not ideal, approach for waste disposal.

    Refuse Disposal

    • Refuse disposal aims to safely remove unwanted materials.
    • A proper system reduces adverse environmental impacts and public health risks, preventing breeding of disease vectors.
    • Improper disposal leads to fly breeding, rodent attraction, contamination of water sources, and health hazards.
    • Recycling converts waste into reusable materials, reducing pollution and resource loss.

    Recycling Methods

    • Recycling conserves resources, reduces pollution, and creates new materials.
    • Recycling involves converting materials into reusable, valuable products.
    • Composting converts organic matter to nutrient-rich soil.

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    Waterborne Diseases Quiz PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on various waterborne and vector-borne diseases. This quiz covers transmission methods, common illnesses, and preventive measures against these diseases. From typhoid and cholera to malaria and dengue fever, see how much you know about these critical health issues.

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