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Questions and Answers
What are the two main types of water hazards?
What are the two main types of water hazards?
- Biological and chemical (correct)
- Physical and chemical
- Organic and inorganic
- Viral and bacterial
Which of the following is a viral disease caused by water contamination?
Which of the following is a viral disease caused by water contamination?
- Poliomyelitis (correct)
- Typhoid
- Giardiasis
- Cholera
Which bacterial disease is commonly spread through contaminated water?
Which bacterial disease is commonly spread through contaminated water?
- Malaria
- Amoebiasis
- Cholera (correct)
- Dengue
What is the main cause of amoebiasis?
What is the main cause of amoebiasis?
Which disease is caused by the parasite Schistosoma found in contaminated water?
Which disease is caused by the parasite Schistosoma found in contaminated water?
What is the host for Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease)?
What is the host for Dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease)?
Which of the following is NOT a biological water hazard?
Which of the following is NOT a biological water hazard?
Which chemical is responsible for dental caries when present in low amounts?
Which chemical is responsible for dental caries when present in low amounts?
Excess fluoride in drinking water causes:
Excess fluoride in drinking water causes:
High levels of nitrates in drinking water can cause:
High levels of nitrates in drinking water can cause:
Deficiency of iodine in drinking water can lead to:
Deficiency of iodine in drinking water can lead to:
What do dissolved organic impurities in water cause?
What do dissolved organic impurities in water cause?
Which chemical in contaminated water can cause lead poisoning?
Which chemical in contaminated water can cause lead poisoning?
Which heavy metal can cause colicky abdominal pain?
Which heavy metal can cause colicky abdominal pain?
What is another name for 'water-washed diseases'?
What is another name for 'water-washed diseases'?
Which disease is an example of a water-washed disease?
Which disease is an example of a water-washed disease?
Conjunctivitis can be classified as a
Conjunctivitis can be classified as a
Which of the following is a mosquito-borne disease?
Which of the following is a mosquito-borne disease?
Which insect breeds in stagnant water and spreads malaria?
Which insect breeds in stagnant water and spreads malaria?
How can water-related mosquito-borne diseases be prevented?
How can water-related mosquito-borne diseases be prevented?
What is the primary cause of dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease)?
What is the primary cause of dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease)?
Waterborne diseases are primarily spread through:
Waterborne diseases are primarily spread through:
What is the best method to remove bacterial contamination from drinking water?
What is the best method to remove bacterial contamination from drinking water?
Which method is commonly used to disinfect drinking water?
Which method is commonly used to disinfect drinking water?
What is the best way to prevent waterborne diseases?
What is the best way to prevent waterborne diseases?
What is the major health hazard of lead-contaminated water?
What is the major health hazard of lead-contaminated water?
Which disease is primarily spread by contaminated water and can cause paralysis?
Which disease is primarily spread by contaminated water and can cause paralysis?
What is the most effective way to remove heavy metals from water?
What is the most effective way to remove heavy metals from water?
Which group of people is most vulnerable to water contamination hazards?
Which group of people is most vulnerable to water contamination hazards?
How does high fluoride affect adults?
How does high fluoride affect adults?
What is the main purpose of sedimentation in water treatment?
What is the main purpose of sedimentation in water treatment?
Which method can remove dissolved salts from water?
Which method can remove dissolved salts from water?
Which of the following is a physical pollutant in water?
Which of the following is a physical pollutant in water?
What does a biological filter remove?
What does a biological filter remove?
What is a major cause of water pollution?
What is a major cause of water pollution?
What does excessive nitrate in water cause?
What does excessive nitrate in water cause?
What is the main advantage of deep wells?
What is the main advantage of deep wells?
What is the primary function of the zoogleal layer in slow sand filters?
What is the primary function of the zoogleal layer in slow sand filters?
What is refuse disposal?
What is refuse disposal?
What does refuse disposal primarily aim to reduce?
What does refuse disposal primarily aim to reduce?
Which of the following is NOT considered solid waste?
Which of the following is NOT considered solid waste?
What can influence the daily output of solid waste?
What can influence the daily output of solid waste?
What is a health hazard associated with accumulated solid waste?
What is a health hazard associated with accumulated solid waste?
Improper disposal of solid waste is correlated with which type of diseases?
Improper disposal of solid waste is correlated with which type of diseases?
What is the primary consequence of improper storage of refuse?
What is the primary consequence of improper storage of refuse?
Which of the following is a result of improper refuse storage?
Which of the following is a result of improper refuse storage?
Which of the following pollutants can be emitted from improperly stored refuse?
Which of the following pollutants can be emitted from improperly stored refuse?
What is a major environmental consequence of improperly disposed plastics?
What is a major environmental consequence of improperly disposed plastics?
What is the significance of refuse disposal for public health?
What is the significance of refuse disposal for public health?
What type of waste does door-to-door collection usually target?
What type of waste does door-to-door collection usually target?
What is a common equipment used in refuse collection?
What is a common equipment used in refuse collection?
What is the primary role of transportation in waste management?
What is the primary role of transportation in waste management?
What is one key aspect of waste transportation?
What is one key aspect of waste transportation?
Which of the following is a method of waste disposal?
Which of the following is a method of waste disposal?
What type of waste is typically managed through landfills?
What type of waste is typically managed through landfills?
What is the primary purpose of sanitary landfills?
What is the primary purpose of sanitary landfills?
Which of the following health hazards is associated with landfills?
Which of the following health hazards is associated with landfills?
What is a major environmental concern related to landfill operations?
What is a major environmental concern related to landfill operations?
What is the purpose of recycling in waste management?
What is the purpose of recycling in waste management?
What does the recycling process typically involve?
What does the recycling process typically involve?
Which of the following is an advantage of recycling?
Which of the following is an advantage of recycling?
What is incineration in waste disposal?
What is incineration in waste disposal?
What is the primary benefit of incineration?
What is the primary benefit of incineration?
What is the major environmental risk of incineration?
What is the major environmental risk of incineration?
What is composting in waste management?
What is composting in waste management?
Which type of composting method involves hot fermentation in pits?
Which type of composting method involves hot fermentation in pits?
What is the key difference between aerobic and anaerobic composting?
What is the key difference between aerobic and anaerobic composting?
What is a benefit of composting?
What is a benefit of composting?
What is the impact of improperly burning waste like plastics?
What is the impact of improperly burning waste like plastics?
What type of waste can be effectively managed through incineration?
What type of waste can be effectively managed through incineration?
What is the main advantage of using landfills over other disposal methods?
What is the main advantage of using landfills over other disposal methods?
Flashcards
Poliomyelitis
Poliomyelitis
A viral disease caused by contaminated water, affecting the nervous system.
Cholera
Cholera
A bacterial disease spread through contaminated water, causing severe diarrhea.
Amoebiasis
Amoebiasis
An infection caused by the protozoan Entamoeba histolytica, leading to intestinal issues.
Schistosomiasis
Schistosomiasis
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Dracunculiasis
Dracunculiasis
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Water-washed diseases
Water-washed diseases
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Fluoride in water
Fluoride in water
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Skeletal fluorosis
Skeletal fluorosis
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Nitrate health risk
Nitrate health risk
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Goiter
Goiter
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Lead poisoning
Lead poisoning
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Biological water hazards
Biological water hazards
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Bacterial contamination removal
Bacterial contamination removal
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Chlorination
Chlorination
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Reverse osmosis
Reverse osmosis
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Environmental sanitation
Environmental sanitation
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Hospital waste disposal
Hospital waste disposal
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Incineration
Incineration
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Composting
Composting
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Aerobic vs Anaerobic composting
Aerobic vs Anaerobic composting
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Groundwater contamination
Groundwater contamination
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Plastic waste pollution
Plastic waste pollution
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Recycling
Recycling
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Vector-borne diseases
Vector-borne diseases
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Hospital waste segregation
Hospital waste segregation
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Biological treatment
Biological treatment
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Landfills
Landfills
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Methane emissions
Methane emissions
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Water quality testing
Water quality testing
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Environmental impact
Environmental impact
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Study Notes
Waterborne Diseases
- Waterborne diseases are illnesses transmitted through contaminated water.
- Ingestion of contaminated water is the primary mode of transmission.
- Common waterborne diseases include typhoid, cholera, and poliomyelitis.
- Contaminated water exposes people to pathogenic microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, and protozoa.
Water-Washed Diseases
- Water-washed diseases are illnesses linked to inadequate water access and sanitation.
- Inadequate handwashing and hygiene practices frequently spread these diseases.
- Examples include conjunctivitis and shigellosis.
Vector-Borne Diseases
- Vector-borne diseases are illnesses transmitted by insects.
- Anopheles mosquitoes spread malaria, and mosquitoes transmit dengue fever.
- Preventing stagnant water reduces mosquito breeding ground and the spread of illnesses.
Chemical and Biological Hazards
- Lead poisoning from contaminated water damages the brain and nervous system.
- High fluoride levels lead to skeletal fluorosis and dental fluorosis.
- High nitrate levels cause cyanosis in infants.
- Iodine deficiency in water causes goiter.
Water Sanitation Methods
- Boiling water kills many harmful bacteria.
- Chlorination disinfects water.
- Filtration removes physical contaminants.
- Reverse osmosis removes dissolved salts and pollutants.
Environmental Sanitation
- Environmental sanitation entails the control of factors associated with the human environment, influencing health.
- Poor environmental sanitation is a major cause of communicable diseases.
- Proper waste disposal, hygiene, and sanitation are paramount.
Hospital Waste Disposal
- Hospital waste collection is the initial step in management.
- Specific containment and transportation methods are essential.
- Segregation of medical waste is vital for safety.
- Treating hospital waste before disposal reduces contamination risk.
- Disposal technologies include incinerators, deep burial, and autoclaves.
Waste Treatment and Disposal Technologies
- Modern technologies like microwave and plasma torches destroy hazardous waste at high temperatures.
- Biological treatments employ bacterial cultures to degrade organic waste.
- Landfilling is a prevalent, though not ideal, approach for waste disposal.
Refuse Disposal
- Refuse disposal aims to safely remove unwanted materials.
- A proper system reduces adverse environmental impacts and public health risks, preventing breeding of disease vectors.
- Improper disposal leads to fly breeding, rodent attraction, contamination of water sources, and health hazards.
- Recycling converts waste into reusable materials, reducing pollution and resource loss.
Recycling Methods
- Recycling conserves resources, reduces pollution, and creates new materials.
- Recycling involves converting materials into reusable, valuable products.
- Composting converts organic matter to nutrient-rich soil.
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